Class starter Who could vote in the new republic? What were the first 2 factions/political parties in the US called? How would you describe the Constitution?

George Washington: the First President

George Washington Easily elected president (well known from Revolutionary War-eased people’s tension about having a president), Adams would be vice president Leadership at Constitutional Convention Integrity Faced several internal crises during his term

Electoral College Map of 1789

Washington’s Administration First Task create judicial system Judiciary Act of 1789 established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general, Allowed state court decisions to be appealed to a federal court. Federal laws would remain “the supreme law of the land.”

Washington’s Administration Organize the Executive Branch (Cabinet) Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury (money) Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State (foreign affairs) Henry Knox: Secretary of War There was much conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson

Washington’s Administration Economic development of the Country Secretary of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton Creates sound financial plan for US to manage nations debt and a create a national banking system Create and sell new bonds Federal government paid state debts Create national bank to issue currency and deal with taxes Would create controversy “loose interpretation” vs. “strict interpretation” leading to formation of political parties Raise taxes Excise tax Protective Tariffs-benefited Northern States New US capital would move to District of Columbia to gain Southern support

Washington’s Administration Problems during Washington’s Administration The Whiskey Rebellion Causes: To raise revenue Congress passed Excise tax on whiskey. Frontier Farmers in Pittsburgh produced whiskey from corn become furious. Events: Farmers refused to pay tax on whiskey they produced and threatened secession, 15,000 militiamen called to end rebellion. Outcome: Rebellion ends; this event marked a milestone in federal power involvement in domestic affairs, and illustrated power of the Federal government to enforce the law.

a. The Whiskey Rebellion Washington personally commanded nearly 13,000 troops to shut down the rebellion Most Rebels fled without battle Washington captured 20 Washington WOULD see that the laws were executed Set a precedent that U.S. citizens who wished to change the law had to do so peacefully through constitutional means

b. Other issues/events during Washington’s Presidency Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) the American army defeats a confederation of Indians over tension in the Northwest Territory. Treaty of Greenville (1795) 12 tribes cede much of present-day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government.

5. Foreign Policy Issues The French Revolution The French Revolution (1789-1793) the French people overthrow the French monarchy by executing King Louis XVI. Neutrality – the U.S. would not side with any European country in wartime.

5. Foreign Policy Issues Jay’s Treaty aka Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation, between His Britannic Majesty; and The United States of America, Signed November 19, 1794 Negotiated by John Jay, Supreme Court Chief Justice The Treaty sought to settle outstanding issues between the United States and Britain: British did not vacate forts after Revolution, British Trade interference, and Impressments of Americans. Though unpopular with Americans, it prevented War with Great Britain preserved American Independence

5. Foreign Policy Issues Pinckney’s Treaty aka Treaty of San Lorenzo Signed October 27, 1795 Resolved Territorial disputes between Spain and the United States. Opened up the Port of New Orleans to the United States and gave the new nation access to the Mississippi River, then under Spanish control

Washington’s Farewell Address Washington chose to step down after two terms in office (1789-1797) set a precedent for later presidents His farewell address is his most famous speech Warns of political party divisions Political Unity was key to success

Washington’s Farewell Address Warns about dangers of foreign entanglement No permanent friends or foes Morality in government Religion is instrumental Avoid an overly powerful military

Questions Washington’s Farewell Address To whom does Washington address this message? According to Washington, what were his intentions in writing this message? Washington encourages his fellow citizens to consider “the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness.” In what ways, according to Washington, is national unity valuable? According to Washington, how do different regions of the nation support one another? What threats to national unity does Washington outline? What foreign policy strategy does Washington recommend? How does he justify this course of action? According to Washington, what is the “great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations”? List three things that Washington’s Farewell Address reveals about life in the United States at the time it was written.

Washington’s Presidency 4 Corners Illustrate 4 events that took place during Washington’s Presidency and draw label and color each. Possible events include: Jay’s Treaty, Pinckney’s Treaty, Whiskey Rebellion, Judiciary Act of 1789, French Revolution, Battle of Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Greenville

Whiskey Rebellion Fold a sheet of paper into 4 squares. 1st Square: Title Box 2nd Square: Causes of the Whiskey Rebellion 3rd Square: the Rebellion (what happened) 4th Square: Outcome of the Rebellion Must draw label and color a picture for each box.