CONTEMPORARY INDIA and education NAZARETH COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN CONTEMPORARY INDIA and education

SEMINAR ON EDUCATION TO MARGINALISED GROUPS SCHEDULED CASTES,SCHEDULED TRIBES AND WOMEN DONE BY RAMA KALYANI.S.

MARGINALISED GROUPS What is Marginalization? Marginalization is forcing a person or a particular group of a particular society to be away from the mainstream of the society by denying him or it all the rights and opportunities for developing himself or itself by getting education and participating in such developmental activities. 

ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF MARGINALISED GROUPS • To empower the marginalised : education is a societal resource and a means to achieve egalitarianism • Given equal opportunity for general, vocational, technical and professional education most citizens have equal status in the society. Education is often considered as an equalizer. • Education brings about awareness of legal provisions that the marginalised can resort to in case of infringement of their rights. • To create awareness about various schemes that help to combat stratification eg: schemes for girl child • To sensitize society towards the impact of stratification .

ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF MARGINALISED GROUPS • To create egalitarian minds by instilling human values • Education nurtures critical thinking, decision making and such vital life skills that will help to fight the ill effects of stratification • Education seeks to integrate the marginalised into the mainstream through common education system, compensatory education, Laws such as Right to Education Act • Role of Non formal education in providing equalization of educational opportunities

PROVISIONS AND SCHEMES FOR EDUCATION OF THE MARGINALISED GROUPS • Eklavya Model residential schools (EMRS) : The objective of EMRS is to provide quality middle and high level education to Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in remote areas, not only to enable them to avail of reservation in high and professional educational courses and as jobs in government and public and private sectors but also to have access to the best opportunities in education at par with the non ST population. • hostel facilities, educational loans, midday meals, reservations , scholarships

PROVISIONS AND SCHEMES FOR EDUCATION OF THE MARGINALISED GROUPS • Ashram School…residential schools for ST (over 1600 ashram schools exist) Teachers from ST community. Sensitization programs for non ST teachers. Schools teach socially useful crafts • financial assistance to NGOs providing vocational training where 90% expenditure is reimbursed by government, • Scheme under National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation to upgrade entrepreneurial and technological skills of OBC • Reimbursement of fees for SC/ST students

PROVISIONS AND SCHEMES FOR EDUCATION OF THE MARGINALISED GROUPS • Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship scheme for those pursuing M.Phil and Ph.D, National overseas scholarship scheme ..25 awards per yr to those pursuing specific fields of study. • National Backward Classes Finance & Devpt Corporation under Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment--educational loan for those living below double poverty line(p.a Rs. 40,000 rural areas and Rs. 55,000 urban areas). • Shilp Sampada Scheme for upgrading technical and entrepreneurial skills give loans to artisans • EBC (income upto Rs one lakh a yr) Dr. Ambedkar Central Sector Scheme of Interest Subsidy on Educational Loan for Overseas Studies for Economically Backward Classes (EBCs) effective from 2014 thro Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

SEAT RESERVATION FOR MARGINALISED GROUPS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

SEAT RESERVATION FOR MARGINALISED GROUPS IN government colleges

Mandatory reservation in govERNMENT aided AND AFFILIATED colleges

Reservation of seats in government colleges

Reservation of seats in aided and affiliated colleges

Reservation of seats in self financed colleges

EDUCATION TO MARGINALISED GROUP- WOMEN

STATUS OF WOMEN during vedic period

Status of women during buddhist period

Status of women during mughal period

status of women during british rule

status of women during british rule

STATUS OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION DURING BRITISH PERIOD

WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENT DURING 1900-1950

PROVISIONS AND SCHEMES FOR THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN Women… 3600 Kasturba Gandhi Balika vidyalayas (residential schools for upper primary girls from SC, ST, OBC communities set up where schools are far from habitation. 75% seats for SC/ST/OBC and 25% for those BPL. ) , National programme for education of girls at elementary level for girls in educationally backward blocks , Kishori Shakti Yojana (vocational training for BPL girls between 15 to 18 yrs) Balika Smariddhi Yojana (scholarship for girls) 15yrs -18yrs

PROVISIONS AND SCHEMES FOR THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN People in rural areas…Navodaya Vidyalayas, Dist Primary Education Programme(DPEP), RTE provision primary schools within 1 km . People in remote areas…. Residential schools, ODL, use of technology, Digital India project launched in Aug 2014 plans to increase connectivity with villages. In 2014 the Hemanand Biswal committee recommended developing local language textbooks and teaching children in their local language with a gradual shift to Hindi or English to address issue of high dropouts.

Constitutional provisions to promote equity through education The Fundamental Rights of the Indian Constitution has also adopted the fourfold ideal of justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Our Constitution has laid down that in the eyes of law, everyone should have an equal status, justice not be denied to anyone and everyone should have liberty of thought, expression. Following articles make provision to protect the rights of the vulnerable and assure that they are provided with education and protected by the law.

CONSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE EQUITY THROUGH EDUCATION Article 45: Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years. Article 21A: Right to Education: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine. (RTE followed from this article) Article 14: Equality before law: The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law

CONSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE EQUITY THROUGH EDUCATION Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth Article 46: Promotion of the economic and educational interests of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections Article 29(2) states ―No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.‖ (This should be understood in connection with 29(1) which is in connection with interests of minorities)

Thank you Jai Hind