Perikles’ Building Programme

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Presentation transcript:

Perikles’ Building Programme

Important Dates 449BC ‘Congress Decree’ 448BC Building of Parthenon started (finished 432BC) 437BC Building of Propylaia started 431BC Start of the Peloponnesian War 427BC Nike temple started (finished 424BC) 421BC Erectheum started (finished 407BC)

Important Names Perikles Athenian statesman. Proposer of building programme. Pheidias Sculptor in overall charge of sculptural progamme Ictinus & Callicrates Architects of the Parthenon Thucydides Political opponent of Perikles (not the writer!)

Main sources Plutarch Life of Perikles 12-14 Main account of building programme Pausanias Description of buildings Thucydides 2.34-46 Funeral speech gives Perikles’ view of Athens. 1.10 Comparison of Athens and Sparta Inscription CA357 Building accounts CA 354-364 References in other sources Sculpture Unity of theme

Buildings involved On the Acropolis: The Parthenon The Propylaia The Temple of Nike (Victory) The Erectheum In the city: The Theseion (Temple of Hephaistos) The Odeion (concert hall) The Agora (market square)

Buildings involved (cont.) Outside the city: The Piraeus (Harbour of Athens) The Emporion (Trading centre in Piraeus) Temple of Poseidon at Sounion Sanctuary of Demeter at Eleusis (CA356)

Reasons for building programme Religious: Rebuild the temples destroyed by the Persians. Plutarch 17 (The Congress Decree) ‘The subjects to be discussed were the Greek sanctuaries that had been burned down by the Persians…..’

Reasons for building programme Political: Glorify Athens (‘Capital of Greece’) Show off wealth and power. Thucydides 2.41 ‘Mighty indeed are the marks and monuments of our empire which we have left. Future ages will wonder at us, as the present age wonders at us now’ (also 1.10 comparison of Athens and Sparta) Plutarch 12 ‘…public works which, once completed, will bring her (Athens) glory for all time…’ Sculpture Triumph of Greece (ie Athens) over barbarians; scale and expense of buildings.

Reasons for building programme Financial ‘Job Creation’ scheme? Improve facilities for trade Plutarch 12 ‘provide inspiration for every art, find employment for every hand , and transform the whole people into wage earners’ ‘his object being that those who stayed at home…should be enabled to enjoy a share of the national wealth’ Improvements in Piraeus etc