Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Atomic Models Models and ideas regarding atoms has changed many times over the years and continues to change Models have to be made because atoms cannot be seen

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Proposed in the 1800’s All elements are composed of indivisible atoms Atoms of the same element are identical Atoms combine in whole number ratios Atoms are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical change

Electrons - charged subatomic particles Discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 Discovered in a Cathode Ray

Cathode Ray Gas-filled tube with + electrode (anode) and – electrode (cathode) The cathode ray is a stream of negatively charged particles

Protons Discovered in 1886 Positively charged subatomic particles Mass is equal to 1 atomic mass unit (AMU)

Neutrons Discovered in 1932 Subatomic particles with no charge Mass nearly equal to proton (1 AMU)

Atomic Nucleus Discovered in 1911 by Earnest Rutherford Alpha particles were directed towards a very thin sheet of gold Alpha particles should have passed easily through the gold but where deflected instead

Atomic Number =‘s the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Protons (+) = Electrons (-)

Mass Number The total number of protons and neutrons The mass number is generally NOT a whole number. It is an average of all the isotopes of that element

Isotopes Atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but they each have different numbers of neutrons. They are chemically alike but have different mass numbers.

Lithium Isotopes

Atomic Mass An atomic mass unit (AMU) is defined as 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus 1 proton = 1 AMU 1 neutron = 1 AMU Electron = 0 for our purposes

Periodic Table First developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in the 1800’s. Elements are listed according to atomic mass and by properties. Not all the elements had been discovered, but they could theorize on the properties of the element

Structure of the Periodic Table Periods

Structure of the Periodic Table Groups

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

Metalloids

Halogens

Noble Gases