Basic Principles of Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Principles of Chemistry Unit 2: Chemical Reactions and Their Significance Lecture #8

Classifying Matter

Molecules vs. Compounds Molecule—two or more atoms joined together in a fixed ratio

Molecules vs. Compounds Compound—two or more different atoms joined together in a fixed ratio

Molecules vs. Compounds When is a molecule NOT a compound?

Classes of Pure Substances

Molecular Elements The following are molecular elements: Hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S)

Metals and Nonmetals Nonmetals generally combine with other nonmetals to form molecular compounds metals to form ionic compounds Metals generally combine with nonmetals to form ionic compounds

The Periodic Table Let’s take a spin around the periodic table...

Mass Ratios vs. Atom Ratios What is the ratio of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms in carbon dioxide (CO2)? What is the ratio of oxygen mass to carbon mass in carbon dioxide? What are these values for H and O in water (H2O)?

The Anatomy of a Chemical Formula H2O CO2 CO C6H12O6 CuSO4.5H2O Al2O3

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Write the formula of the salt made between barium cation (Ba2+) and chloride anion (Cl-) BaCl2

Formula Mass of Compounds Sum of the atomic masses of all of the atoms in the compound

Formula Mass of Compounds What is the formula mass of water (H2O)? 18.02 amu

Formula Mass of Compounds What is the formula mass of an ionic compound formed by combining calcium ions with chlorine sulfide ions?