Look in your bag / pencil case… Look at the labels on your clothes… 5 mins Look in your bag / pencil case… Look at the labels on your clothes… Look at the technology you have on you… Where were they made? Item Continent (and country) What do you notice?

Aim How does globalisation work? 5 mins Aim How does globalisation work? Learning Outcomes A* - I will evaluate how the widening and deepening of global connections, interdependence and flows contributes to the phenomenon of globalisation. A - I will explain with examples how the widening and deepening of global connections, interdependence and flows contributes to the phenomenon of globalisation. I will reach a decision as to which flows have accelerated globalisation in recent times. B - I will explain with examples how the widening of global connections, interdependence and flows contributes to the phenomenon of globalisation. C - I will explain how the widening of global connections, interdependence and flows contributes to the phenomenon of globalisation. Starter - What is globalisation? Write down your own definition. A and A* - consider the different strands of globalisation

5 mins What is globalisation? To help with your definition…. Imagine a British tourist wearing a T-shirt made in Guatemala, scrolling through the menu of a Japanese-designed MP3 player (made in Taiwan), selecting the music of an American band, while relaxing in a hardwood chair imported from Thailand, having enjoyed an Indian meal on the veranda of a South African hotel managed by a Spanish leisure chain. These developments have led to lower communication costs and contributed to a time space compression (a shrinking world!)

5 mins Globalisation is the process by which people, culture, finance, goods and information transfer between countries: with few barriers. Would you argue that globalisation is… An Economic Phenomenon? A Social Phenomenon? A Cultural Phenomenon? Globalisation Connections between places are lengthening (new links are growing between places that are great distances apart) The world is becoming more deeply inter-connected. More and more people’s lives now connect with far-away places (e.g. Through purchasing imported commodities or cheaper personal travel). It is no longer just the richest people (the elites) who are ‘living globally.’

A and A* Challenge – which flows do you think have had the most impact in accelerating globalisation? The growth of TNCs accelerates cross- border exchanges of raw materials, components, finished manufactured goods, shares, portfolio investment and purchasing Economic globalisation Information and communications technology (ICT) supports the growth of complex spatial divisions of labour for firms and a more international economy Online purchasing using Amazon or a smartphone International immigration has created extensive family networks that cross national borders- world city- societies become multi-ethnic and pluralistic Social globalisation Global improvements in education and health can be seen over time, with rising world life expectancy and literacy levels, although the changes are by no means uniform or universal Social interconnectivity has grown over time thanks to the spread of ‘universal’ connections such as mobile phones, the internet and email. The growth of trading blocs (e.g. EU, NAFTA) allows TNCs to merge and make acquisitions of firms in neighbouring countries, while reduced trade restrictions and tariffs help markets to grow Political globalisation Global concerns such as free trade, credit crunch and the global response to natural disasters (e.g. 2011 Japanese tsunami) The World Bank, the IMF and the WTO work internationally to harmonise national economies ‘Successful’ Western cultural traits come to dominate in some territories, e.g. the ‘Americanisation’ or ‘McDonaldisation’ of tastes and fashion Cultural globalisation Glocalisation and hybridisation are a more complex outcome that takes place as old local cultures merge and meld with globalising influences The circulation of ideas and information has accelerated thanks to 24-hour reporting; people also keep in touch using virtual spaces such as facebook and twitter Students write examples of different global flows under five headings – social, cultural, political, economic, Identify similarities and differences between definitions (coding using highlighters).

Discuss how this might be different today.

What do you notice? Isochronic Maps 5 mins The most noticeable difference is how much less time it takes to get anywhere in 2016 vs 1914. In 1914, the quickest journeys could be completed within 5 days, whereas in 2016 the slowest journeys take just over 1.5 days. Journey times to both Asia and America have plummeted. In 1914 it might have taken you up to 20 days to reach California you can now be there in less than 3/4 of a day. And if you wanted to visit Tokyo it could take up to 30 days and now takes no more than a 3/4 of a day as well. However, a few of the more remote areas in 1914 remain in 2016, such as the Canadian Arctic, Siberia, the Sahara desert and the Australian Outback. Nevertheless, if the original 1914 within 5 days scale was used for the 2016 map, virtually the entire world would be red. Travel times from London in 2016 created by Rome2rio.com What do you notice? Travel times from London in 1914 created by John George Bartholomew Isochronic Maps

Traditional Flows of Commodities and Finished Products 5 mins Globalisation is not a new phenomenon. Global trade has existed for centuries between wealthy countries (who invested and manufactured) and poorer countries (who supplied raw material and the basic labour to produce them). How is modern globalisation different from this pattern? Traditional Flows of Commodities and Finished Products Manufacturing has shifted to poorer countries Not just about raw materials (commodities) or goods, now concerns people, capital, culture and information technology

Photos of weekly food purchases from around the world Germany: $325.81 FF: salads, pasta, shrimp China: $155.06 FF: fried shredded pork with sweet and sour sauce Photos of weekly food purchases from around the world Debate about the varying length and depth of global connections France: $419.95 FF: pasta carbonara, Thai food Mali: $26.39 FF: Natomo Family Rice Dish Turkey: $145.88 FF: Puffed pastries India: $39.27 FF: Patkar’s Poha (Rice Flakes) Teacher projects images of people from around the world. Discussion about length and depth of globalisation for each of these people whilst considering the five dimensions Japan: $317.25 FF: sashimi, fruit, cake, potato chips Luxembourg: $465.84 FF: pizza , Turkish kebabs. Chicken in wine sauce Italy: $260.11 FF: fish, pasta, hot dogs, frozen fish

Greenland: $277.12 FF: polar bear, seal stew Egypt: $68.53 FF: okra and mutton Mongolia: $40.02 FF: Mutton dumplings Poland: $151.27 FF: pig’s knuckles with carrots, celery, parsnips USA $341.98 FF: spaghetti, potatoes, sesame chicken Chad: $1.23 FF: soup with fresh sheep meat Guatemala: $75.70 FF: Turkey stew and sheep soup Canada: $345 FF: narwhal, extra cheese stuffed crust pizza, watermelon UK: $126.39 FF: avocado, mayonnaise, prawn cocktail, Bhutan: $5.03 FF: mushroom, cheese and pork Mexico: $189.09 FF: pizza, crab, pasta, chicken Kuwait: $221.45 FF: Chicken biryani with basmati rice

How can you link your definition to the map? 5 mins How can you link your definition to the map? Flow lines showing a network of flows Which areas are well connected and which are poorly connected? Can you suggest reasons for this pattern? Challenge – what factors/ information could be shown proportionally on this map? E.g. internet broadband width

World Cities and Global Hubs 2 mins World Cities and Global Hubs Defined as cities with power. Based on trade, political strength, innovations and communication. E.g. London and Tokyo What are the networks/flows between global hubs (what is being transferred?) Brainstorm

What are the networks/flows between global hubs 3mins What are the networks/flows between global hubs People Raw materials Money Information But how does globalisation actually work? Cars

How does globalisation work? 5 mins How does globalisation work? Those who make decisions to invest and manufacture overseas (and also who help to determine consumer tastes and opinions) come mainly from North America, Japan and Europe, as well as oil rich billionaire investors from Russia, Nigeria and the Middle East. China, India and South East Asia have become the manufacturers for the world India also provides financial and IT support services for HICs. Global brands use much of the same advertisements worldwide, and also dictate where products are made. Outsourcing and relocation processes are fluid and often change. e.g. the fashion industry has moved much of its manufacturing from India and China to Vietnam, Bangladesh and Lesotho because costs are even lower. Sub-Saharan Africa remains detached (and switched off) from globalisation – isolated with little economic influence.

What factors have accelerated globalisation? 5 mins What factors have accelerated globalisation? How and why have developments in communications and transport been particularly important?

5 mins Developments in communications and transport have reduced the importance of distance and this has aided globalisation. Internet and satellite connections have speeded up financial flows and business decisions The costs of communication have fallen Containerisation has reduced shipping costs Cheap flights have brought air travel to the masses in richer nations English has become the international language of business

Ensure you include specific detail and examples to support 10mins Explain why globalisation has been accelerated by ICT and mobile communication. (4 marks) Focus on demonstrating your knowledge and understanding of part of the globalisation process (technological change) Think about the ways in which the internet is used by people and businesses and how this might lead to faster globalisation of services and ideas. Ensure you include specific detail and examples to support Peer Assess: Giving a reason why globalisation has been accelerated by ICT and mobile communication Developing your points Case study examples e.g. how different types of technology have contributed to different parts of the globalisation process e.g. social, cultural change. FULL MARKS: examples of both ICT and mobile communication

For example ICT and mobile communications enable citizens, businesses and states to interact with one another quickly (1) and over a 24-hour and 7-day-a-week time period (1). This allows information and ideas to be spread faster over large distances and across borders (1). ICT and mobile technology benefit TNCs (1) as businesses can grow their markets into new countries more easily (1) and improve the efficiency of their operations (1). The use of the internet has led to the spread of different cultural (1) and political ideas (1) to new audiences (1) and allows family and friends to keep in contact over long distances (1). Mobile phone technology has also allowed cheaper ways (1) of connecting people and services where, in the past, development has been held back because of the high cost of infrastructure (1).

Plenary Key dimensions of globalisation 5 mins Plenary Key dimensions of globalisation What are the 5 main dimensions (flows) of globalisation? Social Cultural Political Economic