Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Chapter Three Art and Science of Graphical Presentations Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

What is the criterion to choose methods to describe data? Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 What is the criterion to choose methods to describe data? Graphical Description Bar, Line, Pie or Others Tabular Description There are two important criterions. Informative Easy Graphical Description mainly focus on easy understanding. Graphical description is better, When the original data is complicated and your focus is on the major trend or characteristic. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Graphical Excellence… Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Graphical Excellence… Data are complicated. large data sets should be presented concisely and coherently. Graphical description may be recommendable for the comparison of two or more variables. For Graphical excellence the message being presented by the chart should be clear. the substance of the data should be addressed but the form of the graph should not be not prominent. there should be no distortion of the data and findings. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Table 3.1 Number of People Visiting Disney Theme Parks in 1994 Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Table 3.1 Number of People Visiting Disney Theme Parks in 1994 This table is easily understandable without graphics. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Figure 3.1 Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Figure 3.1 Graphical techniques should be used when there is a large amount of data… This bar chart is completely unnecessary because only six numbers are represented. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Figure 3.2 Here is pie chart that contains only 3 numbers… It catches your eye but provides no useful information. For 3 numbers, table is not even needed for an academic paper. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Counter Example. FDI into Korea (in Million). Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Counter Example. FDI into Korea (in Million). Yr/country 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 U.S.A 2.689 4.717 1.24 4.5 3.885 2.921 3.738 3.189 0.875 0.642 Japan 1.878 2.257 0.54 1.403 0.776 2.448 1.749 0.504 0.265 0.254 0.424 Germany 0.704 0.487 0.37 0.283 0.459 1.599 0.959 0.785 0.398 0.094 0.044 HongKong 0.819 0.088 0.054 0.234 0.167 0.123 0.48 0.038 0.084 0.228 0.057 Netherlands 1.149 1.309 0.161 0.45 1.233 1.768 3.321 1.323 0.83 0.204 0.17 Swizerland 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.045 0.024 0.14 0.076 0.102 0.162 0.009 U.K 2.307 0.87 0.115 0.431 0.083 0.479 0.06 0.258 0.078 0.086 France 0.085 0.174 0.149 0.11 0.425 0.607 0.75 0.368 0.41 0.09 China 0.068 1.164 0.05 0.249 0.026 0.008 0.006 0.01 Others 1.819 1.868 3.009 1.723 3.785 5.563 3.915 2.716 1.423 1.207 0.464 Total 11.563 12.79 6.468 9.102 11.28 15.216 15.541 8.852 6.97 3.202 1.947 Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Graphic description is better. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Graphic description is better. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Graphical Deception… Figure 3.14b Quarterly Sales for the Past Year Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Graphical Deception… Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Figure 2 Too simple to use graphical description. Data Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance of Côte d’Ivoire, 2007 Figure 2 Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance of Côte d’Ivoire, 2007 Too simple to use graphical description. Figure should have the title. Figure 2. Proportion (%) of Economic Sectors in Year 2007’s GDP.

--? -> N.A. (Not Avaiable) Base Ratio? Table 4. The Paris Declaration Indicators, 2006 Government’s budget estimates of aid flows for FY05 (USDm) Aid disbursed by donors for government sector in FY05(USDm) b Base ratio (%) c=a/b c=b/a CABEI 105 23 22 Cooperates Multilaterals 19 -- European Commission 32 55 59 Global Fund IDB 215 71 33 United Nations 27 81 World Bank 171 100 58 Canada Total 667 334 50 Source: OECD Development Assistance Committee, 2006. “The Paris Declaration - 2006 Survey on Monitoring.” Paris: OECD/DAC. Title: 2006-> FY 2005 --? -> N.A. (Not Avaiable) Base Ratio? Explanation: Table 4 shows that the government has shown an interest in decentralization through public-private partnerships. ? If you put the table, you should describe the table and interpret it.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Graphical Deception… Graphical techniques create a visual impression, which is easy to distort, therefore… It is important to critically evaluate the graphically presented information. Be wary of graphs without a scale on one axis. Understand the information being presented: absolute values? relative values (e.g. percentages, deltas (change in a variable))? Are the horizontal or vertical axes distorted in any way? Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed 2018년 6월 30일 Written Reports… When you prepare for a thesis that presents statistical information & analysis to others: Objective statement Source of Data, Year Results Described using words about tables, and figures. Discussion of limitations if applicable. Discuss problems with the analysis. 5) When you write a paper, always think and write from viewpoints of readers, not you. Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.