VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS

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Presentation transcript:

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS CHEMISTRY N5 CHEMISTRY VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS

CHEMICAL FORMULAE & REACTION QUANTITIES VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS CHEMISTRY N5 CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL FORMULAE & REACTION QUANTITIES VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS After completing this topic you should be able to : Calculate the concentration of a reactant using information from a titration.

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS TITRATIONS The information obtained from a titration experiment can be used to calculate the concentration of one of the solutions used. The volume, v, and concentration, C, of one of the reactants will be known. Therefore, the number of moles, n, of the reactant can be calculated. C v 1000 n = Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation for the reaction the number of moles, n, of the other reactant can be calculated. C n V = Knowing the number of moles, n, and the volume, v, of this reactant the concentration, C, can be calculated.

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) C v 1000 n = 1.0 × 25 1000 = = Example: 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol l-1 sodium hydroxide was measured into a conical flask using a pipette. Knowing the C and v of the NaOH, the number of moles, n, used can be calculated. C v 1000 n = 1.0 × 25 1000 = = 0.025 mole The sodium hydroxide was neutralised using 16.4 cm3 of hydrochloric during a titration. Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 1 mole 1 mole Knowing the n and v of the HCl, calculate the concentration, C. Write the number of moles of each reactant. HCl : NaOH react in the mole ratio 1 : 1. C n V = 0.025 0.0164 = Therefore, the number of moles of HCl reacted = 0.025 mole = 1.52 mol l-1

H2SO4(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) K2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O(l) C v 1000 n = 0.1 × 20 1000 Example: 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol l-1 potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) was neutralised by 15.4 cm3 of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. H2SO4(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) K2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O(l) Write the number of moles of each reactant. 1 mole 2 mole Knowing the C and v of the KOH, calculate the number of moles, n, used in the reaction. C v 1000 n = 0.1 × 20 1000 Insert the known information. 15.4 cm3 20 cm3 = ? mol l-1 0.1 mol l-1 H2SO4 : KOH react in the mole ratio 1 : 2. = Work out the number of moles of H2SO4 reacted using the mole ratio of the reactants. 0.002 mole Therefore, the number of moles of H2SO4 reacted = 0.002 ÷ 2 = 0.001 mole Knowing the n and v of the H2SO4, calculate the concentration, C. C n V = 0.001 0.0154 = = 0.065 mol l-1

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS SUMMARY To calculate the concentration of a reactant from information obtained from a titration: STEP 1 Write the balanced equation for the reaction. STEP 2 Write the number of moles of each reactant. STEP 3 Insert the known information. STEP 4 Calculate the number of moles, n, of the reactant where the C and v are known. C v 1000 n = STEP 6 Knowing the number of moles, n, and the volume, v, of the reactant calculate the concentration, C. STEP 5 Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation calculate the number of moles of the other reactant. C n V =

2 HNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) 2 NaNO3 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) C v 1000 n = Example: 20 cm3 of 0.15 mol l-1 sodium carbonate solution (Na2CO3) was neutralised by 12.7 cm3 of nitric acid (HNO3). Calculate the concentration of the nitric acid. STEP 1 Write the balanced equation for the reaction. 2 HNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) 2 NaNO3 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) 2 mole 1 mole 12.7 cm3 20 cm3 STEP 4 Knowing the C and v of the Na2CO3, calculate the number of moles, n, used in the reaction. STEP 2 Write the number of moles of each reactant. ? mol l-1 0.15 mol l-1 STEP 3 Insert the known information. C v 1000 n = 0.15 × 20 1000 = STEP 5 Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation calculate the number of moles of the other reactant. HNO3 : Na2CO3 react in the mole ratio 2 : 1. = 0.003 mole Therefore, the number of moles of HNO3 reacted = 0.003 × 2 = 0.006 mole STEP 6 Knowing the n and v of the HNO3, calculate the concentration, C. C n V = 0.006 0.0127 = = 0.47 mol l-1