Energy is the capacity to apply a force over a distance.

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Energy is the capacity to apply a force over a distance. 4.1 Properties of Waves A wave is a disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space. Examples of waves include: water waves, sound waves, and microwaves. Energy is the capacity to apply a force over a distance. A force is a push or a pull on an object. See page 134 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

A crest is the highest point on a wave. Features of a Wave A crest is the highest point on a wave. A trough is the lowest point on a wave. The wavelength is the distance, in metres, for one complete cycle of the wave. Crest to crest or trough to trough. The amplitude is the height of a wave crest or depth of a trough, as measured from its rest position. Identify each of the lettered parts of the wave. See pages 135 - 136 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

The matter that waves travel through is called a medium. Two Types of Waves The matter that waves travel through is called a medium. Some waves such as light waves, can travel through space where there is no medium. Two types of waves that travel through a medium are: Transverse wave – matter in the medium moves perpendicular to direction of the wave. Compression wave – matter in the medium moves parallel to direction of the wave. Transverse wave Compression wave See page 137 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Frequency is usually measured in hertz (Hz). Frequency is the number of repetitive motions, or oscillations , that occur in a given time. Frequency is usually measured in hertz (Hz). When the frequency of a wave increases the wavelength decreases. See page 136 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Frequency can be calculated using the following equation: Frequency Equation Frequency can be calculated using the following equation: frequency = cycles/seconds Use the above equation to find the frequency for each of the following: a) A hummingbird flaps its wings 120 times in 3 seconds. b) A DVD spins 35 times in 7 seconds. Go to the next slide to view the answers See page 138 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Frequency can be calculated using the following equation: Frequency Equation Frequency can be calculated using the following equation: frequency = cycles/seconds Use the above equation to find the frequency for each of the following: a) A hummingbird flaps its wings 120 times in 3 seconds. (40 Hz) b) A DVD spins 35 times in 7 seconds. (5 Hz) Take the Section 4.1 Quiz See page 138 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007