L/O: To investigate the patterns of divorce in the UK and why they have changed.

NEXT LESSON Plan and write a timed 20 mark divorce essay 

Fill in the blank graph for how you would expect divorce patterns to look like from 1961 to 2001 Thousands Years

Changing Patterns of Divorce Since the 1960s there has been a great increase in the number of divorces in the UK. The number of divorces doubled between 1961 and 1969, and doubled again by 1972. The upward trend continued, peaking in 1993 at 180,000. The rate means that about 40% of all marriages will end in divorce.

Analyse the following and write a short summary analysing the trends Divorce task: Analyse the following and write a short summary analysing the trends

Half of divorces involve children who are under the age of 16 Interesting fact #1 Half of divorces involve children who are under the age of 16

Interesting fact #2

There were 13 divorces an hour in England and Wales in 2012 Interesting fact #3 There were 13 divorces an hour in England and Wales in 2012

It is expected that 42% of marriages will end in divorce Interesting fact #4 It is expected that 42% of marriages will end in divorce

Interesting fact #5 There are peaks in the early 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and the increase in 2010 before the slight drop with the 2011 rate. The common factor of those dates? Recession.

But…

But… In 2012, 10.8 people divorced per thousand married population, a decrease of 19% compared with 13.3 in 2002.

But… Chandler In modern societies divorce has risen steadily, although in the 1990’s the divorce rate was fairly stable. Remarriages are also on the rise

TASK Ranking exercise Rank the reasons for the increased divorce rate in order of importance. Be ready to justify your thinking

1. Changes in the law Gradually, changes in the law have made divorce easier. Four kinds of changes: Equalising the legal reasons for divorce between the sexes (1923) Widening the grounds for divorce (1969/71) Making divorce cheaper (1949) Decreasing the ‘time bar’ (time period between marrying and divorcing) from 3 to 1 year (1984)

From 1878 a wife could obtain a separation order on the grounds of her husband's persistent cruelty, if she was convicted of an aggravated assault upon her. This gave her an incentive to report his violence to the police, because it could be her means of escape. In 1902 the husband's habitual drunkenness was added to the grounds for legal separation.

Outrageous! The 1857 Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act re-asserted the double standard of fidelity. Simple adultery on the part of the wife was grounds, but adultery on the part of the husband had to be combined with desertion, cruelty, incest, bigamy or practising an 'unnatural vice' (sodomy, bestiality, rape of another woman) to be grounds for divorcing him.

Until 1923 the sole ground for divorce was adultery.

2. Changes in the position of women. Women now less financially dependent on their husband. More women in paid work. Pay gap has been narrowed. Greater success in education. Availability of benefits.

3. Declining stigma/changing attitudes Stigma is a negative label/social disapproval attached to something. In the past divorce has been stigmatised e.g. Churches tended to condemn divorce. As stigma declined, divorce became more socially acceptable and couples become more willing to resort to divorce.

4. Secularisation Decline in influence of religion in society, e.g. Church attendance rates continue to decline. As a result, the traditional opposition of the churches to divorce carries less weight in society.

The British Attitudes Survey (2001) 5. Rising expectations Functionalists, Fletcher (1966) and Parsons argued that higher expectations people place on marriage today are a major cause of rising divorce rates. Linked to idea of romantic love. In the past people often had little choice in who they married; based one economic need. Today, marriage increasingly about personal fulfilment. The British Attitudes Survey (2001) Marriage is still largely valued although cohabitation is also seen as a legitimate alternative.

6. Emotional overload Leach (1967) - The nuclear family suffers from an emotional overload which then increases the level of conflict between family members.

7. Consumer choice Gibson (1994) Modernity has led to the development of increasing individual achievement. There is emphasis on consumer choice, this means if you don’t find satisfaction in your first partner you can seek an alternative.

Plenary and h/w Using at least one sociological perspective and a range of concepts, assess the following statement: Rising divorce rates are a sign that British society is ‘unhealthy’; people are too selfish and are not committed to the vital institution of marriage. Aim for a page and a half and finish for homework.