The Periodic Table It’s elemental

What does periodic mean? a pattern that repeats regularly Periodic Table A table that organizes all the elements Elements that are similar are in the same column Arranged by atomic number (not atomic weight)

Cobalt Nickel 27 protons Atomic Mass: 58.933 28 protons Group 18 All gases Very non-reactive All conduct electricity Group 11 Copper Silver Gold All shiny metals All conduct electricity All easy to bend (malleable)

Parts of the Periodic Table 1 Groups (or families) Columns Groups of elements have similar properties 18 13 14 15 16 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Parts of the Periodic Table Periods Rows Atoms have up to seven electron shells (or levels) Each period represents a different shell. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Parts of the Periodic Table Blocks Each block represents a different type of electron orbit. There are 4 types total. 1 p 2 3 d 4 5 6 7 f

Characteristics of Atoms Atomic Radius How large an atom is Measured from the nucleus to the outermost electron

Characteristics of Atoms Ionization Energy How much energy is required to steal an electron from an atom The bigger the number, the harder it is to steal an electron The easier it is to steal an electron, the more reactive an element is Remember: Atoms turn into Ions when they have different numbers of protons & electrons.

Characteristics of Atoms Electronegativity How strongly an atom attracts electrons from other atoms towards itself The bigger the number, the more of an electron “hog” the element is. The more of a “hog” an element is, the more likely it is to react with other atoms. Fluorine The biggest hog of them all