BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW – HOLIDAY BREAK 2016 - DR. LAMIA

1. Which substance is an inorganic molecule? (1) starch (3) water Biochemistry 1. Which substance is an inorganic molecule? (1) starch (3) water (2) DNA (4) fat 2. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by the (1) shapes of the molecules involved (2) number of molecules involved (3) sequence of bases present in ATP (4) amount of glucose present in the cell 3. Many biological catalysts, hormones, and receptor molecules are similar in that, in order to function properly, they must (1) interact with each other at a high pH (2) interact with molecules that can alter their specific bonding patterns (3) contain amino acid chains that fold into a specific shape (4) contain identical DNA base sequences 4. The failure to regulate the pH of the blood can affect the activity of (1) enzymes that clot blood (2) red blood cells that make antibodies (3) chlorophyll that carries oxygen in the blood (4) DNA that controls starch digestion in the blood

5. The graph to the right shows the effect of substrate concentration on the action of enzyme X. This enzyme is functioning at its optimal temperature, 36°C, and at its optimal pH, 5.5. 6. When the substrate concentration increases from 0.4% to 0.5%, the rate of the reaction (1) decreases (2) increases (3) remains the same (4) increases, then decreases 7. State what would most likely happen to the rate of enzyme action if the temperature were reduced by 10 degrees. Support your answer. 8. Three days after an organism eats some meat, many of the organic molecules originally contained in the meat would be found in newly formed molecules of (1) glucose (3) starch (2) protein (4) oxygen

9. The table to the right lists enzymes that function in different locations in the human body, and the temperature and pH ranges of these locations. Different enzymes are secreted in each of the three locations. Ptyalin digests carbohydrates. Pepsin and trypsin both digest proteins. Discuss the activity of these enzymes. In your answer, be sure to: • state how the activity of pepsin will most likely change after it moves with the food from the stomach to the small intestine • support your answer using data from the table • state how a fever of 40°C would most likely affect the activity of these enzymes and support your answer • identify the characteristic of enzymes that prevents ptyalin and trypsin from digesting the same type of food

10. The shape of a protein is most directly determined by the (1) amount of energy available for synthesis of the protein (2) kind and sequence of amino acids in the protein (3) type and number of DNA molecules in a cell (4) mistakes made when the DNA is copied 11. Organisms living in a bog environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor, acidic conditions. Bog plants such as the Venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attracting and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds. 12. The chemicals present in the plants that break down the insects are most likely (1) fats (3) enzymes (2) hormones (4) carbohydrates 13. Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen? (1) proteins (3) carbohydrates (2) sugars (4) fats 14 This is primarily due to changes in which lake condition? (1) size (3) pH (2) temperature (4) location

15. Cardinals are birds that do not migrate but spend the winter in New York State. Many people feed these birds sunflower seeds during the winter months. Explain how the starches present in the sunflower seeds help the cardinals to survive. In your answer, be sure to: • identify the building blocks of starches • identify the process used to produce these building blocks • state one way cardinals use these building blocks to survive 16. Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule? (1) simple sugar (3) fat (2) amino acid (4) hormone 17. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z? (1) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20°C. (2) Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, and C. (3) Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH. (4) Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body.

18. The diagram to the right represents a process that occurs in organisms. Which row in the chart indicates what A and B in the boxes could represent? 19. Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA? (1) They are used to store genetic information. (2) They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules. (3) They are used to assemble larger inorganic materials. (4) They are simple molecules used as energy sources. 20. Explain why substance X would not be likely to digest a different organic compound.

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