Bell Ringer How do you think the Sea Floor affects the Ocean?

MARINE BIOLOGY Essential Question: How was the sea floor formed and what is it’s impact on the earth? Learning Goals: Learn the geological structure of the Earth and accepted theory of Earth’s formation. Explore the origin and structures of the ocean basins Agenda: N/A Upcoming: Chapter 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean

The Sea Floor Chapter 2

Introduction The oceans are not simply places were the land happens to be covered by water. The sea floor is __________________________ from the continents! The sea floor is locked in a ___________of __________________that shapes the oceans and controls much of the geological history of the continents. The geological processes that occur at the bottom of the ocean affect the ________________________as well!

The Water Planet (SLIDE CORRECTION) Our planet is mostly WATER Land coverage = 30% of the surface! Water coverage = 70% of the surface! The oceans are NOT distributed evenly! Northern Hemisphere is 60% Water vs. 40% Land Southern Hemisphere = 80% Water vs. 20% Land

Classification of the Oceans The Oceans are traditionally classified into FOUR large basins! Pacific Ocean : _________________! (Contains the Mariana Trench*) _________ Ocean : Larger than Indian but equally deep. _________ Ocean : Smaller than Atlantic but equally deep. Arctic Ocean : __________________! ________________* (NOT one of the “Big 4” but considered by oceanographers as the body of water continuously surrounding Antarctica) Although they are names separately oceanographers consider them a ____________since they are all ______________. Best seen when viewing the earth from the south pole!*

The 4 Major Oceans + “Southern Ocean”

The Oceans (Southern Pole View)

Structure of the Earth The Earth originated ___________years ago. Composed of remnants of the ____________(Occurred 13.7 Billion years ago) Earth was formed by continuous _____________ of dust particles into larger and larger particles giving rise to a large _____________. Continuous impact and accumulation of rocky substance generated ___________________ leading EARLY earth to have a _________appearance! “Molten Earth” allowed for materials to settle according to their _________. Recall Density = Mass / Volume* Denser materials settled in the ________ forming the _______ & Lighter materials settled on the __________ forming the primitive _________. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57merteLsBc

Dissection of the Layers of the Earth

Earth’s Anatomical Breakdown Core Inner Core : ______ Outer Core : ______ Mantle Lower Mantle: _____ Upper Mantle : ___________ Asthenosphere (outermost mantle) is ________. Crust Lithosphere: _______ (Rock) Crust: ______ (outermost surface) Depth of Crust = 3 to 44 miles The Kola Superdeep Borehole is only 7.6 miles

Continental and Oceanic Crusts The geological __________ between the ocean and continents result from the __________________differences in the rock that makes up the crust. Oceanic Crust (Sea Floor) = __________ Make up the sea floor Dark colored Oldest are less 200 million y/o Denser than Granite rock Continental Crust = __________ Make up continents Variant color Oldest are 3.8 billion y/o Less Dense than Granite Rock

_________ Rock

__________ Rock

Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins People originally viewed the world as __________________. In 1620, ______________noted the coasts of the continents on _____________of the Atlantic fit together like pieces of a puzzle. It was much later noted that _____________________and __________________________ match on opposite sides of the Atlantic. In 1912, ______________(Geophysicist) proposed detailed hypothesis of ________________________. Proposed the continents were once _______________ as a “_____________”. He named this supercontinent ___________.

Pangea

The Theory of Plate Tectonics Wegener’s Hypothesis was ______ widely accepted because he could not explain ______ the continents moved. Later proposals also failed due to lack of ___________________________. In the late 1950’s & early 1960’s all available evidence was combined to conclude the continents drifted apart by way of _______________. Wegener was RIGHT!

Fossil Proof of Pangea