Nationalism and Revolution around the world Chapter 27 Nationalism and Revolution around the world

Russia after WW1

Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin: By 1927 he had ousted Leon Trotsky and made himself dictator of the Soviet Union His goal for Russia was to turn it into an industrial nation. Purges were directed at Kulaks and members of the Communist Party Read 1st paragraph of Page 718 Trotsky supported the revolution and communism Purges of the Communist Party in the Union were a key ritual in which periodic reviews of members of the Communist Party were conducted to get rid of the "undesirables.” **Kulaks: wealthy peasants

Bolshevik Revolution Results: Factory control returned to the workers Farmland was distributed among the peasants A communists economy was established

Totalitarian state a state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life

Soviet state's Five-Year Plan Goal: Economic development

Joseph Stalin’s plan on paying for the rapid industrialization Collectivization of agriculture (Government controlled farming) The state would control all aspects of the farm including setting prices and controlling access to farm supplies. Peasants resisted collectivization (by killing farm animals, destroying tools, or burning crops) Stalin was angered by this and punished suspected peasants (Kulaks) by forcing them to labor camps. Thousands were killed or died from overwork ( When they installed communism many peasants prospered by having their own land)Collectivation meant 1 peasant might have to give up his farm so that a group of other peasants could work on it. Wealthy peasants resented Stalin’s new plan.

Civil war in Russia Cause: Soviets wanted to overthrow the czarist government Soviets goal: Win acceptance of the other nations Communists goal: Worldwide revolution

Obedience Censorship Russiafication Secret Police, torture Pogroms (Atheism only) Many Jews persecuted Religion replaced with figured such as Lenin, Karl Marx, Stalin Stalin wanted to preserve Lenin’s body (to show he would carry on the goals of the revolution) officials decided to preserve Lenin’s body was displayed in the Red Square for 65 years

United States after WW1

Fear of the Bolshevik revolution Limited immigration The Red Scare Fear of the Bolshevik revolution Limited immigration 2. The Great Depression Economy collapses Stock market crashed,

Latin America after WW1

Mexican Constitution of 1917 it permitted the breakup of large estates placed restrictions on foreigners owning land it allowed nationalization of industry Nationalize= private to state ownership

India after WW1

Ghandi To resist British rule, Ghandi advocated boycotts and other nonviolent protests

Gandhi takes a stand against British rule The Salt March Gandhi and his followers (thousands) march to the sea When arrived, Gandhi picks up a chuck of sea salt, and he is arrested and jailed. Indians still followed his lead. Coastal villages started collecting salt Indians sold salt on city streets Thousands of Indians were imprisoned. Britain had a monopoly on the Salt industry. Gandhi and many others saw this as a symbol of British oppression. Salt was available in the sea, but Britain required Indians to only buy salt from the British.

Outcome of Salt March It exposed (through the media) the unnecessary brutality of the British Helped Indian nationalism gain international awareness

Asia After WW1

May Fourth Movement in China 1917–1921 Goal: to strengthen China How: by learning from the West Why: to end foreign dominance Continuation of the Boxer Uprising

Civil war in China *Guomindang: Nationalist party in South China First phase: Guomindang and Communists fought against warlords. Second phase: Guomindang and Communists fought each other for control of China *Guomindang: Nationalist party in South China

Japan Sought to expand to gain natural resources Gain territory for excess population By 1920s-1930s Japan’s economy was in a depression, causing them to return to imperialism

Japanese Militarist come to power Restricted freedoms Imposed traditional culture on the Japanese people Tried to expand into China.

Internal Conflicts China: After the death of President Yuan, conflict between Jiang Jieshi nationalists and Mao Zedong’s Communist revolutionaries. Japan: conflict between military leaders and the Japanese government