Reproductive Health Nursing NUR 324 CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS Lecture 8

CONTRACEPTION prevention of conception is called as contraception. Contraception is useful to prevent population explosion. It is also called as Birth Control methods or Family Planning Methods. This can be done at the female, male or coital stages.

CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS: A CLASSIFICATION TERMINAL OR PERMANENT METHODS: There is a permanent stopping of conception. Used by couples who have finished their family. TEMPORARY SPACING METHODS: Used for spacing or giving a gap between children Used to postpone children’s arrival while the couple gets adjusted.

TERMINAL METHODS I. VASECTOMY: MALE STERILISATION: A SIMPLE OUT PATIENT PROCEDURE. THE ‘VAS DEFERENS’ IS ISOLATED AND CUT. THE TWO ENDS ARE LIGATED.

VASECTOMY

TERMINAL METHODS II. TUBECTOMY: FEMALE STERILIZATION: PART OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE IS REMOVED. THE TWO ENDS ARE TIGHTLY LIGATED. CAN BE DONE AS: POST PARTUM STERILIZATION LAPAROSCOPIC STERELIZATION

TUBECTOMY: TYPES

SPACING METHODS BARRIER METHODS: A) PHYSICAL BARRIER: CONDOMS DIAPHRAGM VAGINAL SPONGE FEMALE CONDOM. B) CHEMICAL BARRIER:SPERMICIDAL FOAMS CREAMS SUPPOSITORIES

CONDOMS SPERMICIDES

FEMALE CONDOM

DIAPHRAGM + SPERMICIDE A diaphragm is a flexible, latex, dome-shaped cup. It is designed to fit securely in the vagina to cover the cervix.

A foam sponge inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy VAGINAL SPONGE + SPERMICIDE

INTRA UTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES (IUCD): FUNCTION BY PREVENTING IMPLANTATION. I GENERATION: NON MEDICATED: LIPPE’S LOOP II GENERATION: MEDICATED BIOACTIVE COPPER T III GENERATION: HORMONE RELEASING PROGESTASERT

LIPPE’S LOOP Cu T & PROGESTASERT

Summary IUDs are: Safe, effective, convenient, reversible, long lasting, cost effective, easy to use. Providers can ensure safety by: Careful screening Proper follow-up

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES ALSO CALLED ORAL PILLS OR ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. ARE USUALLY HORMONES OR COMBINATIONS TAKEN BY MOUTH. THEY CAUSE THE TEMPORARY CESSATION OF THE OVARIAN CYCLES.

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES COMBINED PILLS: HAS BOTH ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE. PROGESTRONE ONLY PILL. DEPOT FORMULATIONS INJECTABLES: DEPOT PROVERA

POST CONCEPTIONAL METHODS Abortion is the termination of pregnancy. Therapeutic Abortion Intentional termination of pregnancy before age of viability to preserve the health of the mother Elective Abortion Intentional termination of pregnancy for reasons unrelated to mothers health

OTHER METHODS ABSTINENCE: THE BEST COITUS INTERRUPTUS: THE MALE PILL: HISTORICALLY THE OLDEST IN HUMANS. THE SEMEN WAS SPILLED ON THE GROUND. THE MALE PILL: GOSSYPOL : COTTON SEED OIL KILLS SPERMATIDS.

NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS SAFE PERIOD METHOD: DURING THE FERTILE PERIOD, COITUS IS AVOIDED. THE REST OF THE CYCLE IS ‘SAFE’ OVULATION TESTS: BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE CHARTS CERVICAL MUCUS : BILLINGS METHOD SYMPTOTHERMIC: ‘SELF RECOGNITION’

SAFE PERIOD METHOD

REVIEW Contraception is the prevention of conception. There two main types: Permanent or Terminal methods: Vasectomy or Male sterilization. Tubectomy or Female sterilization. Temporary or Spacing methods: Barriers IUCDs Other methods.