Preamble Pop-Quiz (True/False) Warm up Preamble Pop-Quiz (True/False) “We the people” denotes democracy. The “more perfect union” is contrasted with the Articles of Confederation. “Establish justice” means rule of law. Domestic tranquility refers to peace at home. Common defence refers to protecting us from other countries. General welfare is a guaranteed minimum income for everybody.

What do you think? The government is too powerful. The president is too powerful. The gov should protect our basic civil liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, press, etc. States should be able to make some of their own laws based on what the voters want in that state.

Federalist & Anti- Federalist

Ratification Formal approval To adopt the Cons. the framers would need 9 of the 13 states to agree to it or ratify it. The document went to the states on Sept 28th 1787.

Ratifying the Constitution Federalists Support Const Wrote Federalist Papers to convince states to ratify James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton Anti-Federalists Opposed Const Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Samuel Adams

Their Arguments A of C weak Federalist Anti- Federalist A of C weak Country will collapse if don’t change gov & ratify 3 Branches of gov - divide power Checks and balances ensure there are ways to stop abuse of power President could become a king / tyrant Congress should have all national power Fear strong Nat. gov.

More Arguments National gov needs to be stronger to ensure strong nation States / local gov should have power b/c then citizens can oversee gov

Final Argument Rights must be listed – wanted a Bill of Rights to include freedom of speech, religion, etc. Rights do not need to be listed

To ratify the Const The Federalists promise to add the Bill of Rights, first 10 amendments, to the Const after ratification Sept. 13 1788, Cons takes effect George Washington elected Pres. John Adams VP (2nd place) NY city original capital

Summary Write out questions and answer or write in complete sentences restating the question in the answer What is ratification? Explain 2 arguments of the Federalist. Explain 2 arguments of the Anti- Federalist. Discuss the final outcome.

Explain your answer in 3-5 sentences (part of your summary) “If all men were angels, no government would be necessary.” - James Madison Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain.