HIRF Regualtion Jean-Christophe LAMY 15/12/2015 MR 05.002

INTRODUCTION Origin? Why Effect on Systems? Composite Material HIRF: Human (Radars, Antennas) Why Effect on Systems? Composite Material Critical Computers

HIRF (High Intensity Radiation Field)

Frequency Band (10 kHz-40GHz)

HIRF Regulation (History) Before 1988 in Europe NO Regulation for HIRF Protection Only concern at Equipment level (Equipment qualification RTCA/DO160-B sec 20)

HIRF Regulation (History) After 1988 in Europe (from A320 TypeCertificate) With Introduction of „super“ critical systems (FADEC, FBW) and EFIS HIRF requirements introduced via Special Conditions (CRI/SC) CRI: Certification Review Item SC : Special Condition

HIRF Regulation (History) Requirement for Critical System Level A system not perturbated when exposed to External Certification Envrionment Requirement for Essential System Level B/C systems not perturbated when exposed to External Normal Environment

HIRF Regulation (History) After 1988 in USA HIRF requirements introduced via Special Conditions (Issue Paper/SC) Level A system not perturbated when exposed to External Certification I (Certification) or level A equipment not pertubated when exposed to 100V/m, Cat W DO160 sec20) Level B/C NO requirements

HIRF Regulation (History) In early 90’ JAA were presently developing in co-operation with the FAA, a regulatory project for HIRF (cordinated JAA/FAA Electromagnetic Effects Harmonisation Working Group). The objective of the project is the issuance of an NPA (Notice of Proposed Amendment) in parallel with an FAA NPRM leading to a final regulation and associated advisory material and Users Guide. The EEHWG adopted a set of HIRF environment levels in November 1998

HIRF JAA/EASA Policy INT POLs JAA has temporary adopted EEHWG activity with INT POLs (INT POL25/2, 23/1, 27&29/1) with: External HIRF Environments (Certification, Normal, Severe) Set of requirements (Critical, Essentials)

Definition of the Regulatory HIRF Environments This environment is based on the available data representing all authorised transmitters in Western Europe and the United States. Certification HIRF Environment Normal HIRF Environment FREQUENCY FIELD STRENGTH (V/m) PEAK AVERAGE 10 kHz – 500 kHz 20 20 500 kHz - 2 MHz 30 30 2 MHz - 30 MHz 100 100 30 MHz – 100 MHz 10 10 100 MHz – 200 MHz 30 10 200 MHz – 400 MHz 10 10 400 MHz - 1 GHz 700 40 1 GHz - 2 GHz 1,300 160 2 GHz - 4 GHz 3,000 120 4 GHz - 6 GHz 3,000 160 6 GHz - 8 GHz 400 170 8 GHz - 12 GHz 1,230 230 12 GHz - 18 GHz 730 190 18 GHz - 40 GHz 600 150 FREQUENCY FIELD STRENGTH (V/m) PEAK AVERAGE 10 kHz - 2 MHz 50 50 2 MHz - 30 MHz 100 100 30 MHz - 100 MHz 50 50 100 MHz – 400 MHz 100 100 400 MHz – 700 MHz 700 50 700 MHz - 1 GHz 700 100 1 GHz - 2 GHz 2,000 200 2 GHz - 6 GHz 3,000 200 6 GHz - 8 GHz 1,000 200 8 GHz - 12 GHz 3,000 300 12 GHz - 18 GHz 2,000 200 18 GHz - 40 GHz 600 200

Definition of the Regulatory HIRF Environments Severe HIRF Environment FREQUENCY FIELD STRENGTH (V/m) PEAK AVERAGE 10 kHz - 100 kHz 150 150 100 kHz - 400 MHz 200 200 400 MHz – 700 MHz 730 200 700 MHz - 1 GHz 1400 240 1 GHz - 2 GHz 5,000 250 2 GHz - 4 GHz 6,000 490 4 GHz - 6 GHz 7,000 400 6 GHz - 8 GHz 1,100 170 8 GHz - 12 GHz 5,000 330 12 GHz - 18 GHz 2,200 330 18 GHz - 40 GHz 1,000 420

HIRF - Requirements  Critical systems must function normally when the aircraft is exposed to the normal HIRF environment Critical systems must be designed and installed such that to ensure their critical functions when the aircraft is exposed to the certification HIRF environment Essential systems, equipment providing essential function are not affected when exposed to DO 160 Cat R/T NB: Non-essential systems do not have regulatory constraints for HIRF

B or C (ESSENTIAL SYSTEM) ENVIRONMENT CERTIFICATION LEVEL CERTIFICATION NORMAL EQUIPMENT LEVEL A (CRITICAL SYSTEM) Function must not be adversely affected during and after exposure to HIRF. Any system interruptions should be evaluated to assure continued performance of the aircraft function and should be approved by the cognisant aviation certification authority. Affected systems must automatically recover upon removal of HIRF effects, unless this conflicts with other operational or functional requirements of that system. Systems must not be adversely affected during an after aircraft exposure to HIRF. As required by the equipment qualification procedures. B or C (ESSENTIAL SYSTEM) No requirement Equipment must not be adversely affected during and after exposure to the defined test level

Methods of Compliance (ED 107) Level A system

Methods of Compliance (ED 107) Level A system (classical Method for Radiated Susceptibility): A) ESTABLISH ATTENUATION CURVES TESTS ON SYSTEM/EQUIPMENT

Methods of Compliance (ED 107) PHASE A): GENERIC ATTENUATION CURVES (100MHz-18GHz) or LOW LEVEL TESTS (LLSF)

Methods of Compliance (ED 107) PHASE B: The Category level = f (Ext Env * ATT curves) + Margin Use of Categories of DO 160 Section 20

Generic Attenuation Curve

Less Classical Method  Test on Aircraft level with real threat Similarity Approach (reuse of data of similar system with similar location on similar Aircraft Futur development: HIRF-SE project (virtual environment)

Methods of Compliance (ED 107) Level B/C systems: Level B system: Equipment Test DO 160 section 20 Cat R (150 V/m peak) or Normal HIRF Environment + Attenuation DO 160 section 20 Cat D, E, F, G Level C system: Equipment Test DO 160 section 20 Cat T (5V/m average)

Methods of Compliance (ED 107) DO 160 section 20 Categories

Regulatory References HIRF (advisory) AC/ACJs AC/AMC20-158 Certification of Systems for HIRF Effects USER‘S GUIDE ED-107A/ARP5583A HIRF User‘s Guide ED14/DO160 Section 20 HIRF

Latest HIRF Regulation FAR 23.1307, 25.1317, 27/29.1317 published in September 2007 (adoption of HIRF NPRM) and associated AC 20-158 CS 25.1317 July 2015 and AMC 20-158 (23.1307, 27/29.1317 published in futur CS Adts) Both Regulations are now harmonized

Applicable HIRF Regulation for new TC Large A/C 25.1317 (+ AMC 20-158 for guidance) General Aviation + Rotorcaft HIRF/SC (+ED 107A for guidance) (23.1307 and 27/29.1317 + AMC 20-158 released in the near futur)

Applicable HIRF Regulation for Changes/STC (installation/modification of susceptible systems) A/C certified before 1988 - Dedicated HIRF Special Condition/Interpretative Material based on latest INT POL 25/2, 23/1 or 27&29/1) (Authority Request) or - Elect to comply with latest regulation (Applicant’s Request) 25.1317 (+ AMC 20-158 for guidance) (or 23.1307, 27/29.1317 when new CSs released ) A/C certified after 1988 - Use of HIRF Special Condition of the TCDS or - Elect to comply with latest 25.1317 + AMC 20-158 for guidance(or 23.1307, 27/29.1317 once CSs released) (Applicant’s Request, if HIRF SC not based on latest INT POLs)