Chapter 6 Urinary System Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the urinary system. Chapter 6 Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the urinary system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Function The urinary system: removes waste material from the body regulates fluid volume maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid assists in blood pressure regulation Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Urinary System Organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra The kidneys secrete urine. Urine is collected in the renal pelvis of the kidney and is transported through the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until it can be eliminated. Urine passes from the bladder through the urethra and urinary meatus to the outside of the body. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Male and Female Urinary System Identify the unique anatomical features of the male and female urinary tract. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Urinary System kidneys: two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity; their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure; approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureters Use a 3-D model of the urinary system, preferably one with removable parts, to identify the individual organs described in this and the next two slides. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Urinary System (cont’d) ureters: two slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder urinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Urinary System (cont’d) urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (female, approx. 1.5 inches; male, approx. 8 inches) urinary meatus: the opening through which urine passes to the outside Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6 Objective 2: Define and spell word parts related to the urinary system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms for the Urinary System cyst/o, vesic/o glomerul/o meat/o nephr/o, ren/o pyel/o ureter/o urethr/o cyst/o and vesic/o refer to the urinary bladder, unless otherwise identified. Glomerulus derived from the Latin glomus, which means ball of thread. It was thought that the rounded cluster of capillary loops at the nephron’s entrance resembled thread in a ball. meat/o = meatus (opening). Meatus is derived from the Latin meare, meaning to pass or to go. Other anatomic passages share the same name, such as the auditory meatus. Pyelos is the Greek word for tub-shaped vessel, which describes the kidney’s shape. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review Question Have students label the illustration. Answers: 1. pyel/o, 2. glomerul/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms albumin/o azot/o blast/o glycos/o, glyc/o hydr/o lith/o noct/i olig/o urin/o, ur/o Point out that noct/i is the only combining form using the combining vowel i in this chapter. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes -iasis, -esis -lysis -ptosis -rrhaphy -tripsy -trophy -uria Ask the students the meaning of each suffix. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Three of Four Suffixes Beginning with -rrh Suffix Meaning Chapter -rrhea flow, discharge 4 -rrhagia rapid flow of blood 5 -rrhaphy suturing, repairing 6 Ask students to provide some examples of terms with the suffixes shown on the slide. The fourth suffix is –rrhexis meaning rupture is presented in chapter 9 on obstetrics and neonatology. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review Question olig/o is a: word root combining vowel combining form suffix Answer: c) Provide a medical term using the combining form – olig/o/uria. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6 Objective 3: Define, pronounce, and spell disease and disorder terms related to the urinary system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts azotemia cystitis cystocele cystolith glomerulonephritis hydronephrosis (animation on Student Evolve site) nephritis nephroblastoma nephrohypertrophy nephrolithiasis Azotemia is also called uremia. Nephroblastoma is also called Wilms’ tumor. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) nephroma nephromegaly nephroptosis pyelitis pyelonephritis ureteritis ureterocele ureterolithiasis ureterostenosis urethrocystitis Nephroptosis is also called a floating kidney. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Helpful Information To correctly define the term hematuria, start at the beginning of the word. Hematuria means blood in the urine. Azotemia, also called uremia, is urea and other waste products in the blood To correctly define the term uremia, also start at the beginning of the word. Hematuria is a symptom; azotemia (uremia) is a serious disorder. Ask students to pronounce terms. Why would it be important to start at the beginning of the words hematuria and uremia? Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6 Objective 6: Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related to the urinary system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts albuminuria anuria diuresis dysuria glycosuria hematuria meatal nephrologist nephrology nocturia oliguria polyuria pyuria urinary urologist urology Ask students to pronounce and define the listed terms. Discuss the difference between a urologist and a nephrologist. A urologist treats diseases of the male and female urinary system and the male reproductive system both medically and surgically. A nephrologist treats kidney diseases and prescribes dialysis therapy. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6 Objective 8: Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements, documents, and electronic health records. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Read Medical Terms in Use A 76-year-old woman consulted with her primary care physician because of hematuria and dysuria. She was referred to a urologist. Urinalysis disclosed 1+ albumin and mild pyuria in addition to the hematuria. A spiral CT scan was obtained. Mild nephrolithiasis was observed but no hydronephrosis. Finally a cystoscopy was performed, which showed mild cystitis. A urinary tract infection was diagnosed and the patient responded favorably to antibiotics. The urologist did not advise lithotripsy for the renal calculi. Ask students to pronounce and define the bolded terms. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.