The Campaign Process Pages 509-544 Chapter 14 The Campaign Process Pages 509-544

Test A B C D Response 15

One of the dangers of the nomination campaign is Candidates can become too extreme That many candidates ignore their ideological base Candidates peak too early, hurting their momentum in other primaries All of the above 15

Nomination Campaign Seek their party’s nomination Gaining support within the party and electorate Candidates risk moving too far right or left to win party’s nomination

General Election Campaign Which issues to emphasize (platform) Personal conviction Party platform Expertise Public opinion polls Appeal to moderates 50% of electorate don’t know how they will vote the summer before election

Which of the following is most likely to vote in a general election? A 25-year-old high school dropout A 65-year-old professor A 19-year-old college student A 16-year-old high school student A 30-year-old college graduate

Differences between campaigns Primary General Election Candidates appeal to party members Voters more likely to vote based on partisanship Lower turnout Candidates appeal to voters Voters will vote for the candidates Greater turnout

Typically, president candidates implement campaign strategies by Apply their resources evenly through states Focus on larger, more competitive states Focus on small states Focusing on the popular vote of the United States Ignoring the Electoral College because most states are moving away from winner-take-all :01

General Election Campaign Electoral College impact on campaigns Candidates tend to focus on competitive, populous states. Winner-take-all Presidential election, winner of the state takes all of that state’s electoral votes Forces candidates to focus on more populated, competitive states Closely contested contests can exaggerate the margin of victory Popular vote is irrelevant!

The process known as front-loading refers to Presidential candidates raising funds far in advance of the first presidential primary Presidential candidate seeking endorsements before official declaring candidacy Tendency of states to choose an early date on the primary calendar Political action committees (PACs) contributing money to candidates at least one year before the first presidential primary or caucus The winner-take-all principle of the electoral college :01

Media Campaign Getting a candidate’s message to as many potential voters as possible Agenda setting Media helps set the agenda of a campaign/election by deciding which issues are important enough to cover Paid media Free Media Public opinion and tracking polls “horse-race” journalism Bandwagons, losing ground, front-runner, likely loser

Participant Leaders Points Participant 400 Dedic, Ema Deleon, Ianq Emery, Jonah Gregor, John 300 Burgess, Tiffani Crooker, Danlee Fowler, Brett Lozen, Julianna Lunsford, Adam Mills, Samantha

What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question? 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Money regulated by the Federal Election Commission is known as Soft money Hard money Political money Fiscal policy Monetary policy :01

Campaign Financing Financing Quality of a campaign organization often boils down to campaign funds Regulating Campaign Financing Goal: prevent any single group from gaining too much influence over elected officials

Government Efforts to Regulate Campaign Funding Federal Election Campaign Act Passed by Congress in 1971 to increase disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns Created the Federal Election Commission (FEC) 6 members appointed by the president Enforces limits on campaign contributions Dispersing public funds for presidential campaigns

An officially recognized, federally mandated fundraising committee for an interest group is called a(n) Official campaign committee Political action committee Interest group campaign committee Political interest group 15

Under the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002, soft money contributions Increased Are banned Decreased Are not addressed 15

In a given election cycle, a Political Action Committee may contribute to a candidate no more than $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000

Gov. Efforts to Regulate Campaign Funding Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) McCain and Feingold Banned soft money donations Soft Money: unregulated contributions to political parties for party building Hard Money: Regulated contributions that advocate directly for the election of/against a particular candidate Set limitations on money given by individuals, PACs, and party committees to candidates or political parties Limits individual contributions to $2,000 $5000 PAC contribution Challenged and upheld in McConnell v. FEC

527s Loophole in the BCRA 527s: unregulated under state or federal campaign finance laws because they do not “expressly advocate” for the election or defeat of a candidate or party. Instead focus on issue advocacy

Most Recent Supreme Court ruling Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) Most recent Supreme Court ruling regarding campaign finance Citizens United published movie Hilary in an attempt to derail her 2008 campaign Independent campaign contributions by corporations and unions ARE protected by 1st Amendment freedom of speech Money can’t go directly to candidates

Political Action Committees give primarily to which of the following? Incumbents Challengers Party contenders Republicans Democrats 15

Which of the following is true of political action committees (PACs)? The make campaign contributions in hopes of gaining access to legislators They are part of political party organizations They are allowed to contribute to only one candidate in any election They nominate candidates for president at the national party conventions They operate at the state level but not at the national level 15

Political Action Committees Organization that pools campaign contributions from interest group members and donates those funds to candidates for political office. Regulated by the BCRA and FEC Incumbents benefit the most from PAC money Make contributions in hopes of gaining access to legislators Candidates get money for campaigns, interest groups get access to legislators if elected

Participant Leaders Points Participant

What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question? 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

FECA was challenged in which Supreme Court case? Buckley v. Valeo Kelo v. City of New London Baker v. Carr South Dakota v. Dole Clinton v. City of New York 15

Other Contribution Sources Member-to-member Personal contributions Buckley v. Valeo (1976) Challenge to the Federal Election Campaign Act by U.S. Senator James Buckley limits on spending are unconstitutional; limits on fundraising are appropriate. Public funds

Public Funds What are federal matching funds and how does a campaign qualify for them? Candidates qualify if they raise at least $5000 ($250 max/person) in 20 different states Once they qualify, they will get a share of the FEC’s money for that year. Can refuse, allowing candidates to spend more than the allotted amount. Presidential elections ONLY