Fiber Access Network

Fiber to the x (FTTx) is a generic term for any broadband network architecture that uses optical fiber to replace all or part of the usual metal local loop used for last mile telecommunications. This generic term originates as the generalization of several configurations of fiber deployment (FTTS, FTTC, FTTB, FTTH,FTTO,etc..), all starting by FTT but differentiated by the last letter, which is substituted by an x in the generalization.

The different configurations in which fiber can be deployed are not ordinarily important to the consumer, but historically the industry differentiated between four distinct configurations in order of an increasingly longer fiber loop, without regard to electrical or other infrastructure:

Fiber to the node / neighborhood (FTTN) / Fiber to the cabinet (FTTCab) Fiber to the curb (FTTC) / Fibre to the kerb (FTTK )Also sometimes called FTTP for "to the pole", which usage conflicts with use of the "P" to mean "to the premises". Fiber to the building (FTTB) which does not imply any fiber actually inside a home. Fiber to the home (FTTH) which actually means "into the home" to internal fiber optic outlets.

Radio Access Network A radio access network (RAN) is part of a mobile Telecommunication system. It implements a . Conceptually, it sits between the Mobile phone, and the core network (CN). The mobile phone is varyingly known as user equipment (UE), terminal equipment, mobile station (MS), etc., depending on the standard

Examples of radio access network types are: GRAN - GSM radio access network GERAN - essentially the same as GRAN but specifying the inclusion of EDGE packet radio services UTRAN - UMTS radio access network

GSM network architecture