Unit 1 Seeds of Change Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2: Ideas About Government Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Supplement: Geography/Maps

QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? DEFINITION “The political direction and control exercised over the members of society” Government is necessary for the existence of a civilized society Ancient Greeks: “To improve the lives of the citizens”

European Government Through the 1700’s Monarchies most powerful (Autocratic Rule) Great divide between the “haves” and “have-nots” Very little chance for people to change this What does science have to do with this change?

Scientific Revolution A new way of looking at the natural world, based on observation and a willingness to QUESTION accepted beliefs THE CHURCH Loses a lot of power WHY??? Explain…Belief vs Fact

Scientific Method A new, logical approach to collecting and analyzing data BELIEF vs FACT 2 Question Hypothesis Test Analysis Heliocentric vs Geocentric Theories of the Universe Geocentric Heliocentric

EVERYTHING! People begin to question….. As a result of the Scientific Revolution, People begin to question….. EVERYTHING! Even Their Governments!! “Is it logical that a king…”

QoD - WOULD YOU RATHER… Can your government EFFECTIVELY provide both? Have your civil rights and freedoms OR Have Security and Protection? Can your government EFFECTIVELY provide both? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.” Benjamin Franklin

The Social Contract People are born with rights that they relinquish to the government in return for security and protection. Asks the questions… What were people’s lives like in The State of Nature ? This is the “True state of mankind” What were people like BEFORE civilized society and laws?

The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment Late 1600’s thru the mid 1800’s Philosophers apply logic, reason and scientific approach to all other areas of life “Enlightened Thinkers” The Philosophes Enlightened Despots Enlightenment Ideas Liberty, equality, logic, reason, etc… There is Revolution on people’s minds A CHANGE is gonna come No monarchy is safe

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Social Contract THEORY People are born evil and selfish, so….People need a strong gov’t Like a Monarchy Social Contract THEORY People give up rights for protection by the government The purpose of the government was to keep law and order. Because people had no say in their government, they could do nothing if the monarch were abusive. “The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.” 

John Locke Two Treatises on Gov’t People are good and born w/Three Natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=luZGmaEhxAs The purpose of the government is to protect individual liberties and rights IF NOT, the people may overthrow the gov’t (REVOLT) “All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.”

When it comes to the nature of mankind, based on your own experiences, do you believe people are born evil, or good? Nature or Nurture ? QoD

There is Revolution on people’s minds Enlightenment Ideas Liberty Equality Natural Rights Logic and reason There is Revolution on people’s minds A CHANGE is gonna come No monarchy is safe

Differing Views of Government: The “Philosophes” Political thinkers who developed their own ideas about the purpose of government Aristotle Nicolo Machiavelli Rene Descartes Baron Montesquieu Voltaire Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke James Madison Mary Wollstonecraft Karl Marx OUR FIRST PROJECT!!!

“The Prince” and Machiavelli If you were a “Prince”, would you rather be feared or loved? Consider Your president Your boss Your teacher Your coach Your parents “The Prince” and Machiavelli

Aristotle Politics Gives people the opportunity for a good life Politics is an organism, NOT a machine Gives people the opportunity for a good life Community is most important Man is governed by Natural Laws Ethics and morality “Man is by nature a political animal, it is his nature to live in a state”

Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince About leaders (“Princes”) he saw in his travels A “guidebook” for rulers They S/B Shrewd, Manipulative & Selfish Princes are NOT concerned with what is morally right, but in maintaining their own power “The ends justify the means”

Rene Descartes Discourse on the Method Based his ideas on Science People must change their old ideas Doubt everything until proven “I think, therefore I am”

Baron Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws Checks and balances Separation of powers “Power should be a check to power”

Voltaire Separation of Church and State Candide A Realistic portrayal of the life of the people Attacked the Catholic Church Freedom of: Religion Expression Separation of Church and State “I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Agreed w/ Locke, only our environment (gov’t) restricts us People should govern themselves, but most forms of governments prohibit it “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”

James Madison Bill of Rights U.S. Constitution Father of the Constitution Representative government Designed the Federal System “Liberty may be endangered by the abuse of liberty, but also by the abuse of power”

Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Equal rights for women – better education needed A society based on reason and logic “Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.” Side note: Daughter is Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)

Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto 1848 Predicted that the workers would someday REVOLT against the wealthy Capitalism would destroy itself

What specific issues did the authors of the English Bill of Rights address? What did they hope to achieve with this document?   If you were a “Prince” would you rather be Feared or Loved by your people? Explain your answer. How does your answer match up to Machiavelli’s ideas about leadership? Analyze the following quote by Benjamin Franklin and explain how it relates to the Enlightenment Ideas; which Ideas does this quote specifically address? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.” Explain the relationship between the scientific revolution and people’s new desire for change in their governments. Explain the idea of the Social Contract and give two examples of when it was broken, one from history and one from the contemporary world. Explain the political philosophy and rationale of the Philosophe you and your group presented in class. Where would you find this person’s ideas in today’s world? Unit 1 Writing Assessment Choose three of the following prompts and answer in a minimum of two paragraphs each. Use specific information from class to support your responses

31 35 40 32 37 36 39 34 33 38 Unit 1 Map Test 31-40

Map Quiz France Poland Vietnam Cuba Pakistan Israel Congo North Korea Argentina Afghanistan 11. Kigali 12. Berlin 13. Washington DC 14. Hiroshima 15. Cape of Good Hope 16. Suez Canal 17. Panama Canal 18. Deng’s 4 Modernizations 19. The Battle of El Alamein 20. The Salt March XTRA CREDIT (2 parts, must get BOTH Correct!!) CB South AND THE YEAR IT OPENED ITS DOORS TO STUDENTS Map Quiz

QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? Preamble to the U.S. Constitution “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In your words – 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the Preamble

In Class Writing Prompt: Do you believe the Social Contract has been broken by either the U.S. government or by the American people? YES or NO…pick a side Requirements Minimum Four paragraphs Use evidence from current events to support your response Your opinion, with minimum 3 pieces of supporting evidence CITE the sources in your response People, quotes, stats, etc One note card to use In Class Writing