Setting a Course of Expansionism Chapter 19: Foreign Policy: Setting a Course of Expansionism

Washington’s Influence Foreign Policy: the set of guidelines and practices that a nation follows in its relations with other nations Washington’s Farewell Address: President George Washington's final message to the nation, which primarily covered domestic issues but also recommended avoiding alliances with other nations Diplomacy: the art of conducting negotiations with other nations Neutrality: the policy of not taking sides in wars between other nations Unilateralism: a policy of not seeking military or political alliances with foreign powers

REALism vs. IDEALism Realism: in foreign policy, the belief that international relations should be guided by pragmatic self-interest-practical goals such as national defense and access to resources National Security Increased trade with other nations Access to overseas resources FOREIGN POLICY REALISM IDEALISM DEFINITION international relations should be guided by pragmatic self-interest-practical goals such as national defense and access to resources moral values should influence international relations EXAMPLES National Security, increased trade with other nations, & access to overseas Forceful opening of Japan’s trade Louisiana purchase Purchase of Alaska Focuses on American ideals of Democracy, Liberty, & Rights Spanish-American War Protectorates Idealism: in foreign policy, the belief that moral values should influence international relations Focuses on American ideals of: Democracy Liberty Rights

Opening up the Pacific Hawaii becomes a PROTECTORATE in 1849 In 1853 US Commodore Matthew Perry leads a fleet of naval ships to Japan’s Edo Harbor Perry brought a message from Millard Fillmore asking for Japan to end its isolationism, aid shipwrecked sailors and allow for US ships to refuel in its ports Open Door Policy: issued in 1899 stating that foreign nations must allow free trade in China Boxer Rebellion: 1900 uprising of Chinese nationalists against a coalition force of US, European and Japanese troops

US Dominance of Western Hemisphere Louisiana Purchase of 1803 War of 1812: the war between the United States and Britain from 1812 to 1814, prompted mainly by anger at British seizures of U.S. ships and sailors and ending in a draw Spain CEDED Florida in 1819 Monroe Doctrine: the declaration by President James Monroe in 1823 warning European powers against future colonization in the Western Hemisphere or interference in Latin American republics Texas Revolution: the 1836 rebellion of Texans against Mexican rule Mexican-American War: the war with Mexico from 1846 to 1847, resulting in Mexico ceding to the United States a huge region from Texas to California Purchased Alaska for $7.2 million in 1867

Imperialism: Pros/Cons PROS: REASONS FOR IMPERIALISM CONS: REASONS AGAINST IMPERIALISM ECONOMICS: Increase resources, capital, land, labor Compete with other economic rivals in Europe ISOLATIONISM: Washington warned us about foreign issues Imperialism would lead us to conflict and war 2. MILITARY: Increase our naval power and bases Protect ourselves and our interests 2. UN-AMERICAN: We were under the rule of an unjust empire Violated American Ideals of liberty and rights 3. MORALS: Spread Christianity and American Ideals Promote the “civilization” of other people 3. IMMORAL: Forced native people to lose their culture Resulted in more harm than good for natives