From: Effect of Coadministration of Neuronal Growth Factors on Neuroglial Differentiation of Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells in the Ischemic Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. 2014;55(1):502-512. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12223 Figure Legend: Impact of growth factors on quantitative incorporation of Fr25lin− cells at 4 weeks. Fractional distribution of cells in the injured retina at 4 weeks without growth factor injection (none) and after intravitreal injection of BDNF or CNTF, as determined by expression of neural markers in the RGC layer, astrocyte markers in the vascular layers, and CD45, an immunohematopoietic marker. (A) Without growth factor, more than 95% of the cells were glial. With BDNF, 35% expressed neuronal markers and with CNTF, 64%; rates for glial marker were 49% and 10%, respectively, and for inflammatory marker, 16% and 10%, respectively. (B) Absolute numbers of differentiated cells adopting neural and glial phenotypes under the influence of BDNF and CNTF, expressed as percentages of 2 × 105 donor Fr25lin− cells inoculated into the vitreous body. Neuronal marker expressed in 1991 cells in BDNF mice and in 531 cells in CNTF mice; the numbers for glial marker were 2788 and 216, respectively. (C–F) Representative images at 4 weeks after intravitreal transplantation of Fr25lin− GFP+ cells in conjunction with CNTF (scale bars: 20 μm) demonstrate the following: (C) Incorporation in the RGC layer and expression of NeuN (white arrows). (D) Cytosolic vimentin converging with GFP+ in astrocytes located in the anterior vasculature (yellow arrows). (E) Cells adjacent to the injured layers expressed the panhematopoietic marker CD45. (F) Identification of RGC-engrafted GFP+ donor cells (white arrows) is not biased by clearance of debris by CD45+ donor and host immune cells and microglia. Date of download: 11/2/2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.