Vice President Business Development Yesterday’s innovation, tomorrow’s practices - an industrial experience of recycling Kees Langeveld Vice President Business Development ICL Fertilizers 3rd May 2016

Who are we? Global company 12500 employees Market cap $ 2 bln Fertilizers (EC fertilizers, Specialty Fertilizers like Controled Release Fertilizers), Performance Products, Industrial Products based on P (Negev and China) and K (Dead Sea, UK, Spain) Strong presence in EU

Importance of sustainability in Europe EU tries to convert to a Circular Economy (CE) Reasons: environmental, carbon footprint and resource scarcity Since 2014 Rock Phosphate identified as one of 14 “scarse” raw materials: very limited sources in EU and “geopolitical complicated” suppliers ICL taking its responsability by actively using thousends of tons/a secondary phosphates in its fertilizer plant in Amsterdam

ICL’s dilemma: phosphate miner vs recycler Reasons to recycle: Business case Life insurance ICL’s fertilizer plants in Europe Sustainability in practice Instead of being part of the problem, being the solution Create innovative technology in its existing plants (with long history) that can be exported

ICL’s past performance Since 2010 consumption of secondary phosphates in fertilizer production 2011 Green Deal Covenant with Dutch government where ICL expresses ambition: 2015 15% of its rock ( abt 20 kt/a) replaced by secondary; target 2025 100% Sources suitable for use as raw material: --Ashes from water, wood, meat & bone meal, manure --Struvite from water ( NH4MgPO4.6 H2O) --Calcium phosphate and ammonium sulphate from manure Ludwigshafen: local authorities find all kind of obstructions for new BImSch license to prevent us to start using secondary phosphates (although Berlin is in favor: NIMBY)

How do we do it? Ashes being chemically converted to high solubility fertilizers with known release curve Struvite incorporated in granules as is (acid, hot) Careful with traceability: mono incineration product, certified struvite (REACH) Transparent towards authorities No risk for our core business Monitor contaminant levels Only business to business

What do we need to increase this recycling? Clear, harmonized legislation regarding use of ashes and struvite (uniform End of Waste) A facilitating authority (local and EU) Asking for zero contaminants closes the door for recycling: base limits on impact accessments. Don’t allow recycled products as fertilizers when they are not plant available Involve the industry in developing regulations for waste recycling

ICL’s new directions RecoPhos process will be game changer for P4 supply in ICL and for waste consumption in Europe (and later in USA and SE Asia) RecoPhos can additionally make clean phosphoric acid out of P4 Another ICL development: together with Tenova-Bateman a process based on ashes and waste HCl

Thank you!