Sustainability in Marcellus Shale Development Chevron Sustainability in Marcellus Shale Development Introduction to Engineering Design EDGSN 100 Section 001 The Engineering Quartet/ Design Team 008 (Miaoci Zhang, personal.psu.edu/mjz5181, & mjz5181) (Haiwen Guan, personal.psu.edu/hzg18, & hzg18) (Jiao Liu, personal.psu.edu/ jxl697, & jxl697) (Yiwen Shen, personal.psu.edu/ yfs509, & yfs509) Presented to: Prof. Berezniak Date: 12/09/2016

Objective Make an improvement of the common industry treatment of produced water in shale development through engineering design process; provide a method that treats the produced water on site properly and transforms it into marketable product, while keeping sustainability of the environment and remaining a safe and profitable business. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 2

Project Sponsor The sponsor for this project is Chevron, which is the second‐largest oil and gas company in the United States. As a major international energy company which has almost 60,000 employees all around the world, Chevron has kept its position in the field of energy as one of the best companies to work for. Chevron’s reliable and affordable energy output plays a significant part in powering the global economy, and has been advancing living standards over the past 150 years. Millions of people’s lives are tightly connected to Chevron’s industry, since both energy and jobs are provided by the industry which allow people to make improvements to their standards and quality of life. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 3

Natural Gas It was formed by certain chemical reaction that took place in marine organisms that were buried in sands. Conventional reservoirs Unconventional reservoirs Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 4

Marcellus Shale Location 9000 feet 5 Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 5

Marcellus Shale The formation of Marcellus shale runs an estimated 600 miles north to south, and is estimated to hold as much as 500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, about 50 trillion cubic feet of which is recoverable using current technology. in the year of 2015, Marcellus shale added nearly 3 billion cubic feet per day of net production of natural gas in the state of Pennsylvania and approximately 70 billion cubic feet per day across the country. During 2009 the Marcellus shale related industry offered between 23,385 to 23,884 jobs, and created $3.1 and $3.2 billion revenues in that year. This huge number included about $1.2 billion in labor income and almost $1.9 billion in value added to the Pennsylvania economy. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 6

Hydraulic Fracturing Process Planning Phase：Site Development Execution Phase：Well Site Preparation Performance Phase：Drilling and Completing Wells Operational Phase：Well Production and Operations Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 7

Environmental Concerns 1. Contamination of Drinking Water Aquifers 2. Chemicals Used in Fracking Process 3. High Water Usage 4. Fugitive Methane 5. Surface Runoff from Drill Pads 6. Spills and Leaks of Hydraulic Fracking Fluids 7. Leaks From Pits Liners and Storage Tanks 8. Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Fracking Wastewaters 9. Infrastructure Impact Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 8

Project Description - Background During the process of gas production in the well, nearly 400 barrels of brine water are also produced and needed to be regularly transferred out of site. Strives to make the projects sustainable. To install reverse osmosis filtration system on site which can filter out the particles and dissolved chemicals in the produced water and make the water product usable again. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 9

Project Description - Common Practice Water Conditioners Neutralize the natural occurring metal compounds in produced water. Water Softeners Water softeners can replace the calcium and magnesium in the water with sodium.   Activated Carbon Filtration To remove the bad taste, bad smell, and some of the harmful chemicals.   Sand Filtration Remove smaller particles, substances dissolved in the water and most pathogens Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. Well Production and Operations: 10

Project Description - Findings Water Conditioners - Won’t treat anything else but specific ions in the produced - The typical system will cost $224 and $511 for large residential or industrial use. Water Softeners The chemicals in water softeners are harmful to crop growth. It generally costs $765 per 35,000 grain capacity and $869 per 48,000 grain capacity, making it not very suitable for large scale exploitation. Activated Carbon Filtration It does not reduce the overall hardness of the produced water much It costs around $550 for a whole hose system. Sand filters It is best used for less contaminated water conditions. It only costs $300. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 11

Project Description - Recommendations Installing Reverse Osmosis Filtration System - By putting a pressure higher than water’s osmosis pressure to the produced water, water molecules will be pushed through the membrane and be filtered out at the end with lower concentration of contaminants. 4 Stage RO Filtration System pre-filtration will screen out dirt, sands and other particles activated carbon filters will reduce the unpleasant smell and taste of the brine water more activated carbon filters will make sure the output water is crystal clear. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 12

Closing Keep sustainability, RO system is our recommendation Environmental sustainable method: it occupies less land and releases almost no waste products to the surrounding areas. Economic sustainable method: it is highly efficient in treating brine water and requires only a small amount of energy input. Use this slide to create a new slide—use this template slide if you would prefer to have a Penn State blue background for your slides. 13