The SPE Foundation through member donations Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional support provided by AIME Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl

Shale Well Performance Metrics Jim Crafton Performance Sciences, Inc. Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl

S uccessful H orizontals A nd L ucrative E conomics A Goal Statement S uccessful H orizontals A nd L ucrative E conomics

An “Overview”

Moving down the “size” scale Courtsey: Stolper Geologic, Inc.

Some Horizontal Well Issues… Overflush Required for Staging (19)* Interfacial Tension Management, “pITM” (518) Delay to First Production (320) Rate of Change of Wellhead Pressure (28) Shut-Ins (277) Proppant Conductivity (353) Artificial Lift Installation (103) Darcy’s Law 1856 * - Number of Wells in Sample

A Performance Comparison, Day 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

Day 15

Day 16

Day 18

Day 20

Day 23

Day 26

Day 30

Day 35

Day 40

Day 45

Day 50

Day 60

Day 70

Day 80

Day 90

Day 100

Flow Area Helps!!!

Any Physical Evidence? 77% Probability the pITM wells perform differently than the non-pITM wells do. pITM Non-pITM

The RPI® Analysis Slope = 1/ Transmissibility Elevation ~ Apparent Frac Length

Gotta do wha’cha gotta do…

Effect of Delaying Production Start

Finally! Got it on production

A Sequence of Four Shut-ins

Shut-ins are NOT always Harmful

Does the length of Shut-in Matter?

Well, get it on pump!

You really do need the “good stuff”

Cumulative Impact for a Year 103 Wells 277 Wells 320 Wells 518 Wells

The Sum of the Effects… Working Fluid Minimization is Important Start Production Quickly Gentle Drawdown Use Shut-ins wisely Duration of Shut-in doesn’t matter Artificial Lift Installation is generally harmful

100 Mesh is NOT a proppant!!! But MOST Importantly… Manage Interfacial Tension Persistently 100 Mesh is NOT a proppant!!!

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