Chapter P Introduction What is Statistics?

Introduction What is Statistics? After this section, you should be able to… DEFINE “Individuals” and “Variables” DISTINGUISH between “Categorical” and “Quantitative” variables

What is the Study of Statistics?! Statistics is the science of data. In this course we study four different aspects of statistics: Data Analysis (Chapters 1 to 4) The process of organizing, displaying, summarizing, and asking questions about data. Data Collection (Chapter 5) The process of conducting and interpreting surveys and experiments. Anticipating Patterns/Probability (Chapter 6 to 9) The process of using probability and chance to explain natural phenomena. Inference (Chapter 10 to 15) The process of making predications and evaluations about a population from a sample.

Population Sample Collect data from a representative sample... Make an inference about the population. Perform Data Analysis, keeping probability in mind…

II. Data Production When answering a question, where the data come from is important. Data beat personal experiences (anecdotal). Data Sources Available Data Surveys Observational Studies Experiments HW#1 Pg. 11 #1-5

HW#1 Pg. 11 #1-5

Chapter P: What is Statistics? The Practice of Statistics, 3rd edition – For AP* STARNES, YATES, MOORE

Variable - any characteristic of an individual or object I. Data Analysis Organize, Display, Summarize, and Interpret Individual: Objects described by data Variable - any characteristic of an individual or object Categorical Variable - Usually an adjective Rarely a number Examples: Gender Race Grade in School (Sophomore, Jr., Sr.) Zip Code Quantitative Variable Always a number Must be able to find the mean of the numbers Examples: Weight Height GPA # of AP Classes taken Square footage

I. Data Analysis When analyzing data, ask the following: Who are the individuals being described? What are the variables? Why were the data gathered? When, where, how, and by whom were the data produced? Read pp 12-18, HW#2 Pg 19 #8,9,10, 12

HW#2 Pg 19 #8, 9, 10, 12

Use given data from 2016 Olympics from teacher

III. Probability Long-term chances of an event occurring Chance behavior is unpredictable in the short run, but has a regular, predictable pattern in the long run. Consider flipping a coin, rolling dice, etc. We use probability to determine how likely certain sample values/statistics are. We want to know, “Is this value likely to be due to chance?” See Example P.10 from page 22

Statistical Thinking Data come from real-world contexts... Doing statistics means more than just manipulating data! Form the habit of asking “What do the data tell me?” Statistics involves a lot of calculating and graphing. We’ll let our calculator/computer do most of this. However, ideas and judgments can not be automated!

AP Stats Text Messaging Competition On a 3x5 card Name: Cell phone carrier: (AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, Sprint, Other) Type of keypad: (Numeric, QWERTY, iPhone) Messaging plan: (limited, unlimited) Messaging experience (frequent, often, occasional, rarely).

THE ACTIVITY: Separate the students into two halves of the room by breaking up the pairs. One side is the senders, one is the receivers (these will switch for round 2). Explain the competition. Make clear to the class that errors or spelling, punctuation, or capitalization will be assessed a FIVE SECOND PENALTY for EACH mistake. Make sure all phones are “on” with ringers “on” (it’s much more fun!) and laid on the desks. Have one of the sentences handed out to everyone FACE DOWN. No peaking allowed. A student should be assigned as a “timer” (or you can do it, or you can project a stopwatch timer). On the call of GO, sheets are turned over and the SENDERS should open up their text messaging programs, insert the RECEIVER’S name, and begin texting the sentence as fast as possible. RECEIVERS should record the time (in seconds, being read aloud) as soon as their phone indicates a message has been received. IMPORTANT: the time should be written down as soon as the message is received, NOT after the message is checked. Once all texts are received, final results (including error penalties) are collected. Then, RECEIVERS become SENDERS and SENDERS become RECEIVERS, and using the 2nd sentence, you run the competition all over again. All final times should be collected on the back of your 3x5 card, which will be distributed (made available) along with the assignment the next day.

Read Ch P, HW #4 Pg 25 #13-16,18

Chapter P Introduction What is Statistics?

Read Ch P, HW #4 Pg 25 #13-16,18

AP Stats Texting Competition Create a graphical display of the data that tells us a story. Examples: create a bar chart, stem plot, whisker-plot, or virtually any graph of texting times against another variable. What OTHER variables should we consider when considering who “won” this competition? What is the distribution of data? Comment of the shape, center, spread and the variability of your graph. Create 3 questions that could be answered using your data. HW #4 Discrimination Project – Due Monday when you walk into class