Purpose of Deliberative Issues Forums Provide safe spaces for public discourse on complex issues. Encourage conversation that identifies underlying values that inform our ideas. (Not just what, but why?)

A Return to the Civic: What does it mean to be a citizen? Be more than “one who votes.” Work with others to solve common problems. Understand other points of view. Actively seek common ground for greater good (solutions that address everyone’s concern).

Effective Issues Framing People normally approach difficult decisions by: looking at the options available to them weighing the advantages/disadvantages of each selecting the option most consistent with what they value

Framing Questions for Deliberation: What concerns people when they think about an issue? In other words, what is valuable? Given these concerns, what types of actions would they favor? What benefits and/or negative consequences might result? In other words, what tradeoffs have to be considered?

Core Values Security/Safety Fairness/Equality Freedom/Self-determination

Characteristics of Effective Framing Name issue in a way that does not favor a particular approach. Provide options for action that reflect the things that people consider valuable. Clearly expose the tensions between the advantages and disadvantages of each option. Avoid frameworks that lend themselves to selecting “all of the above.” Describe consequences in terms of their effects on what is valuable, not just practical.

Characteristics of Effective Framing (cont.) Recognize unpopular points of view. Present each option in the most positive light Avoid making the pros of one option into the cons of another. Avoid prompting the usual conversations. Allow people to “stew” and recognize the undesirable results of their favored option.

Structure of an Issues Forum Establish moderator and recorder Review ground rules Discuss personal stake Provide equal time for each approach Incorporate personal and group reflection

1. Role of the Moderator Role of the Recorder Guide (don’t lead) the deliberation. The less said, the better Encourage participants to talk to each other, not to you Present the essence of each approach. Then, ask a starter question to turn the work over to the group. Permit periods of silence between speakers. It’s okay. Role of the Recorder Write down thoughts of participants Ask for pauses and clarification as needed Consider a section for “needs more information” In the final, reflection phase, underline or circle to indicate common ground or tensions

2. Ground Rules Provide charge to participants (i.e., it’s the work of citizens to make choices about public issues) Understand format is deliberation, not debate. Encourage everyone to participate. Do not let one or two individuals dominate. Focus discussion on the choices. Consider all positions on the issue. Maintain an atmosphere conducive for discussion. Listen to each other.

3. Personal Stake What is your personal experience with the issue? What concerns you the most about the issue?

4. Work Through Approaches What do/don’t you like about this approach? What underlying values are important to people who favor this approach? What are the costs, consequences, and trade-offs? Questions the Moderator Can Ask Why is this important to you? How could that be accomplished? Whose voice is not represented here? See document on moderation questions for more ideas. Posted on course schedule.

5. Post-Forum Reflection Personal Reflection How has your thinking about issue changed? What have you learned that surprised you? Group Reflection Shared sense of direction or common ground? Tensions What are we still struggling with as a group? What do we still need to talk about? Which trade offs are we (or are we not) willing to make? Whose voice was not at the table? What will you do with what you learned today?