Functions of the roots

Ice breaker What has happened to plant number one What can happen to plant number two

Learner outcomes Compare and explain the functions of roots Compare the functions of woody/non-woody stems Experiment with woody/non-woody rots using a microscope

Activity In your group discuss the purpose of the root. 2mins

rOOTS The roots hold the plant firmly in the soil, and enable it to take up water and nutrients from the soil. Many roots have branched structure with a main (or tap) root, with lateral roots branching from it.

TAP ROOTS These are comprised of a main root with smaller roots branching from it. Tap roots can extend to a considerable depth, and draw up water from deep in the ground. Most trees and shrubs have tap roots

Fibrous roots With a fibrous root there is no main root. All of the roots are multi-branched and originate at the base of the stem. The roots occupy a large area of shallow soil around the base of the plant and are effective in preventing soil erosion. They rely on water draining from the surface of the soil and are therefore the first plants to suffer in periods of drought.

Activity IN YOUR GROUP LOOK AT THE PLANT ROOTS AND IDENTIFY WHETHER THEY ARE ANNUAL, PERENNIAL OR WOODY

eXERCISE Using the microscopes locate the following areas

PLANT MERISTEMS Meristems occur in two areas: Apical meristem An apical meristem occurs at the tip of the roots and stems. It is these meristems that cause the lengthening of these organs

activity In your group using the microscope identify the apical meristem

Lateral meristem The lateral meristem runs through the roots of stems of the plant. It produces cells on either side of it that cause the organs to thicken. This is necessary so that the plant increases in length it also becomes broader so it can support the increased height.

Activity In your group using the microscope identify the lateral meristem