X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy (WBS 1.4) Aymeric Robert System Specifications System Description WBS Schedule and Costs Summary Page

Science Team Specifications and instrument concepts developed and refined with the science team. The XCS team leaders Brian Stephenson, Argonne Natl. Lab. (leader) Gerhard Grübel, DESY, Germany Karl Ludwig, Boston University The specifications and instruments have been developed and refined by/with the XPCS science team, which is headed by Brian Stephenson of ANL, includes G. Grubel of DESY and Karl Ludwig of BU; The team and LUSI staff meet and discuss various issues pertaining to this instrument on a regular basis. Page

X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Fully spatially coherent Short pulse duration High brightness Visible Raman Scattering Visible Brillouin Visible Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Inelastic X-ray and Neutron X-ray Photon 3rd Generation Sources XCS @ LCLS XPCS measures the temporal changes in speckle patterns produce by scattering of a disordered system illuminated by a coherent beam; it extracts dynamic parameters by calculating the time auto-correlation function of time-delayed images; XPCS at LCLS allows study of fast dynamics inaccessible by dynamic light scattering using visible light, conventional XPCS at 3G-synchrontrons, or inelastic scattering by neutrons or x-rays; The areas of physics that can be studied by XPCS at LCLS include: Glassy systems, phonon spectroscopy, and surface dynamics; To fully take advantages of the uniqueness's of the LCLS beam, coherence preserving optics, fast and high resolution 2d detector, and a split-delay element will be required; Dynamics of glassy materials Phonon spectroscopy Surface dynamics … Page

Sequential XCS Time-average Brilliance 10 ms < tC < hrs D t 1 2 3 4 Intensity autocorrelation function Sequential XCS XPCS measures the temporal changes in speckle patterns produce by scattering of a disordered system illuminated by a coherent beam; it extracts dynamic parameters by calculating the time auto-correlation function of time-delayed images; XPCS at LCLS allows study of fast dynamics inaccessible by dynamic light scattering using visible light, conventional XPCS at 3G-synchrontrons, or inelastic scattering by neutrons or x-rays; The areas of physics that can be studied by XPCS at LCLS include: Glassy systems, phonon spectroscopy, and surface dynamics; To fully take advantages of the uniqueness's of the LCLS beam, coherence preserving optics, fast and high resolution 2d detector, and a split-delay element will be required; Time-average Brilliance 10 ms < tC < hrs Large Q’s accessible Page

Ultrafast XCS Peak Brilliance & Pulse Duration XPCS measures the temporal changes in speckle patterns produce by scattering of a disordered system illuminated by a coherent beam; it extracts dynamic parameters by calculating the time auto-correlation function of time-delayed images; XPCS at LCLS allows study of fast dynamics inaccessible by dynamic light scattering using visible light, conventional XPCS at 3G-synchrontrons, or inelastic scattering by neutrons or x-rays; The areas of physics that can be studied by XPCS at LCLS include: Glassy systems, phonon spectroscopy, and surface dynamics; To fully take advantages of the uniqueness's of the LCLS beam, coherence preserving optics, fast and high resolution 2d detector, and a split-delay element will be required; Peak Brilliance & Pulse Duration pulse duration < tC< several ns Large Q’s accessible Page

Split and Delay Provided by DESY/SLAC MoU Prototype existing 1st Commissioning May 2007 pulse duration < delay < 3 ns based on Si (511) with 2θ = 90º E=8.389 keV XPCS measures the temporal changes in speckle patterns produce by scattering of a disordered system illuminated by a coherent beam; it extracts dynamic parameters by calculating the time auto-correlation function of time-delayed images; XPCS at LCLS allows study of fast dynamics inaccessible by dynamic light scattering using visible light, conventional XPCS at 3G-synchrontrons, or inelastic scattering by neutrons or x-rays; The areas of physics that can be studied by XPCS at LCLS include: Glassy systems, phonon spectroscopy, and surface dynamics; To fully take advantages of the uniqueness's of the LCLS beam, coherence preserving optics, fast and high resolution 2d detector, and a split-delay element will be required; Page

XCS SCOPE - WBS 1.4 Scope/CD-1 Estimate Includes: Physics support & engineering integration X-ray optics – monochromator, focusing optics, slits system, attenuator Detectors - 2D Detector Sample environments – diffractometer system (including detector stages) Laboratory facilities Vacuum system (in 200 m long transport tunnel) Installation Diagnostics (WBS 1.5) Controls & Data System (WBS 1.6) In Kind Contribution : Split and Delay setup ( from SLAC/DESY MoU in process) The scope of the XPCS instrument includes: X-ray optics for delivering the beam to the endstation, 2-d detector, lab facilities, vacuum in long tunnel; Controls, Diag., and Installation will be covered in WBS 1.6 to 1.8. To complete the system, the split-delay element, and the diffractometer, sample env. will be provided by the science team and collaborators. Page

System Specifications Item Purpose Specification Monochromator ( design identical XPP mono) Increase longitudinal coherence length (i.e narrow spectrum) Multiplex LCLS beam 600 mm horizontal offset, 9°-50° scattering range, 0.02 arcsec angular resolution and repeatability Focusing optics Reduce beam size, Maximize flux at sample Down to 10 mm focal spot size, Preserves coherence X-ray diffractometer Sample orientation, Positioning of the detector Orientation in 6 degrees of freedom Detector positioning acc. and res. < 35 μm Detector Collect 2D speckle patterns 2D, 1kx1k pixels, 35 mm x 35 mm pixel size, readout 120 Hz, 102 dynamic range Split and Delay (SLAC/DESY MoU) Access ultrafast XPCS Pulse duration < delay < 3 ns E=8.389 keV (prototype specifications) Vacuum system Beam delivery to FEH Vacuum ~ 10-7 torr (200 m long transport tunnel) The design of the offset monochromator for this endstation is identical to that of pump-probe instrument. The design of the detector is similar to that for the pump-probe, but the key matrix here is the pixel size for achieving optimal resolution. Page

XCS Instrument Location Far Experimental Hall XCS Endstation X-ray Transport Tunnel (200 m) (WBS 1.4.5) CXI XPP AMO (LCLS) XCS Offset Monochromator† (WBS 1.4.2) †Upstream location to offer sufficient separation for HED instrument when using mirror for beam sharing Near Experimental Hall Page

Monochromator and Split & Delay upstream SAXS Detector Stage Monochromator and Split & Delay upstream WAXS Detector Stage Diffractometer Page

XCS System Description 1.4.1 Physics support and engineering integration 1.4.2 X-ray optics 1.4.3 Detector 1.4.4 Laboratory facilities 1.4.5 Vacuum system 1.4.6 Sample environment 1.4.7 Installation Page

XCS System Description (2) XCS Beam Transport Tunnel LCLS Beam Parameter Value Energy Range 6 – 24 keV Horizontal Offset 600 mm Scattering Angle 90 - 500 Accuracy 0.02 arcsec χ Accuracy 4 arcsec The main x-ray optic included in the x-ray pump-probe instrument is a double crystal monochromator. This device will serve a dual purpose: The first purpose is to provide additional spectral filtering of the LCLS beam. This capability is important for resonant scattering experiments. The second purpose is to multiplex the LCLS beam to allow concurrent beam delivery to multiple stations. This is achieved by using thin Bragg reflectors. The monochromator is specified to accomodate x-ray energies ranging from 8 to 24 keV. A 600 mm offset between the monochromatic beam and direct beam is specified to allow sufficeint space to install a x-ray spectrometer in the monochromatic beam without interference with the direct beam vacuum transport. Additional x-ray optics include a beryllium lens, precision slits, and attenuators. Different systems will require 1.4.2 X-ray Optics Monochromator Thin crystals Be lens Slits Attenuators Page

XCS System Description (3) 1.4.3 2D Detector (BNL) 1024 x 1024 pixels 35 mm x 35 mm micron pixel size High Detector Quantum Efficiency (DQE) 10 2 dynamic range Noise << 1 photon 120 Hz Readout Rate 1.4.4 Laboratory facilities 1.4.5 Vacuum system The main x-ray optic included in the x-ray pump-probe instrument is a double crystal monochromator. This device will serve a dual purpose: The first purpose is to provide additional spectral filtering of the LCLS beam. This capability is important for resonant scattering experiments. The second purpose is to multiplex the LCLS beam to allow concurrent beam delivery to multiple stations. This is achieved by using thin Bragg reflectors. The monochromator is specified to accomodate x-ray energies ranging from 8 to 24 keV. A 600 mm offset between the monochromatic beam and direct beam is specified to allow sufficeint space to install a x-ray spectrometer in the monochromatic beam without interference with the direct beam vacuum transport. Additional x-ray optics include a beryllium lens, precision slits, and attenuators. Different systems will require Page

XCS System Description (4) 1.4.6 Sample environment X-ray diffractometer Detector motion in horizontal scattering plane SAXS detector stage (distance from 10 to 20 m) WAXS detector stage ( distance 3.5 and 7 m , 2θ up to 60º) Vacuum chamber 1.4.7 Installation The main x-ray optic included in the x-ray pump-probe instrument is a double crystal monochromator. This device will serve a dual purpose: The first purpose is to provide additional spectral filtering of the LCLS beam. This capability is important for resonant scattering experiments. The second purpose is to multiplex the LCLS beam to allow concurrent beam delivery to multiple stations. This is achieved by using thin Bragg reflectors. The monochromator is specified to accomodate x-ray energies ranging from 8 to 24 keV. A 600 mm offset between the monochromatic beam and direct beam is specified to allow sufficeint space to install a x-ray spectrometer in the monochromatic beam without interference with the direct beam vacuum transport. Additional x-ray optics include a beryllium lens, precision slits, and attenuators. Different systems will require Page

1.4 WBS Page

XCS Milestones CD-1 Aug 01, 07 Conceptual Design Complete Jul 14, 09 CD-2b Oct 01, 09 CD-3b Mar 31, 10 Receive Offset monochromator Jul 14, 11 Receive Sample Environment Aug 14, 11 Install BNL XCS Detector Sep 30, 11 Installation Complete Nov 14, 11 CD-4b Mar 30, 12 Page

XCS Cost Estimate Page

Summary Instrument concept is advanced Instrument concepts is based on proven developments made at SR sources Initial specification well developed Ready to proceed with baseline cost and schedule development Page