1870-1885 Amnesty Issue Macdonald and Laurier Trade Power Métis moving West National Policy 1870-1885 North West Mounted Police Established In between the Rebellions, there is 15 years. What happens is: Amnesty- Ask students what Amnesty is for answer: official forgiveness. Example, you can be given amnesty for minor offenses on your criminal record that prevent you from entering the USA. Issue: all of provisional government granted amnesty except Riel, though this took a while to receive and was very political. (East vs. West) Métis- Why would the Métis leave Manitoba? Prompt students for answers: end of buffalo hunt, tense relations with settlers, new opportunities. Macdonald and Laurier- various elections where the two trade power. National Policy- we will talk more about this after Spring Break, but it was a big national project to unite the country. NWMP- Canada now has a permanent law and order presence in the West; Canadian west is not like the American Wild West, largely because of NWMP CPR Scandal- PM is tarnished Riel elected- Riel shows repeatedly that he is supported by the Red River settlers, and yet still loathed in Eastern Canada Immigration- Whereas nearly 80% of Red River during the early days was composed of mixed ancestory people (country-born and Métis), with massive immigration, this is changing. Immigration (Canadian, European) CPR Scandal Louis Riel Elected to and Barred from House of Commons

North West Rebellion: Timeline People Events External Influences 1872-1873: Railway costs rising, budget to Indian department cut 1884: Bison hunt over, many reserves facing starvation Louis Riel returns from Montana Métis Bill of Rights created (page 193) CPR almost bankrupt 1885: Manitoba Militia moving into North-West Territories March: Riel gives speech: Justice commands us to take up arms Battle at Duck Lake (SK), 12 NWMP dead April 5000 Canadian troops deployed (via CPR) Dumont+ 60 troops hold off 1600 miltia May: At Batoche, 725 militia attack 175 Métis. Riel captured, Dumont escapes. Summer: Canadian troops track down all Métis leaders Fall: Riel tried in Regina (SK) November 7: Last Spike November 16: Riel hanged Pictures at: Duck Lake, Riel Caught, Last Spike, Hanging

North West Rebellion: Timeline People Events External Influences CPR North West Mounted Police The Jury (pg 197) NWMP- prompt students to recall importance of NWP (law and order) and what they became (RCMP) CPR- Importance to the NWRebellions is that whereas for Red River Rebellions, the colony was isolated, now, there is mobility of troops, arms, supplies and information far quicker to and from eastern Canada. The colony is no longer so isolated and Canada exerts more control. The Métis and settlers have less control as CPR now is the major non-governmental force, and almost exists as a government proxy. The Jury- Even in 1885, the right to be tried by a jury of one’s peers existed. Look to page 197- was Riel tried by a jury of his peers? Did this make a difference?

“Riel was tried for treason and hanged for the execution of Scott.” North West Rebellion: Timeline People Events External Influences $$$ First Nations vs. Métis- As a result of the Treaty process, Métis and FN were treated very differently. Métis were better off. Railroad and Money- the influence of the CPR (as previously discussed), the problems of CPR (Indian department cut, this was Macdonald’s own ministry) West vs. East- Get students to explain the meaning of this quote. What treasonous act did Riel perform? Fighting against the government of Canada at Duck Lake, killing Canadian troops, rallying people against the government reps of Canada in Manitoba (though he did want to join the country and the major proclamation against Riel was in fact forged). Racism- still rampant and growing; still to come was the internments of Chinese/Japanese/German Canadians, Komagatamaru, etc. “Riel was tried for treason and hanged for the execution of Scott.” Racism

Gladstone RESPECT Code/Charter of Rights and Freedoms Comparing Rights Documents Features Métis Bill of Rights Gladstone RESPECT Code/Charter of Rights and Freedoms (circle one) When was this document created? Why was this document created? What groups are impacted by this document? 4 major rights listed in the document 1. 2. 3. 4. 3 similarities of the documents not covered above 3 differences of the documents not covered above Read both documents. Understand your role. Compare and contrast. Plan your presentation. Were they official policies (were they approved)? Were they part of a larger issue or law? Were they based on a previous document?

The Métis Bill of Rights, December 1, 1869 Canadian Northwest 1. The right to elect our Legislature. 2. The Legislature to have power to pass all laws, local to the Territory, over the veto of the Executive, by a two-third vote. 3. No act of the Dominion Parliament (local to this Territory) to be binding on the people until sanctioned by their representatives. 4. All sheriffs, magistrates, constables, etc., etc., to be elected by the people -- a free homestead pre-emption law. 5. A portion of the public lands to be appropriated to the benefit of schools, the building of roads, bridges and parish buildings. 6. A guarantee to connect Winnipeg by rail with the nearest line of railroad -- the land grant for such road or roads to be subject to the Legislature of the Territory. 7. For 4 years the public expenses of the Territory, civil, military and municipal, to be paid out of the Dominion treasury. 8. The military to be composed of the people now existing in the Territory. 9. The French and English language to be common in the Legislature and Council, and all public documents and acts of Legislature to be published in both languages. 10. That the Judge of the Superior Court speak French and English. 11. Treaties to be concluded and ratified between the Government and several tribes of Indians of this Territory, calculated to insure peace in the future. 12. That all privileges, customs and usages existing at the time of the transfer to be respected. 13. That these rights be guaranteed by Mr. McDougall before he be admitted into this Territory. 14. If he have not the power himself to grant them, he must get an act of Parliament passed expressly securing us these rights; and until such act be obtained, he must stay outside of the Territory. 15. That we have a full and fair representation in the Dominion Parliament. Source: Alexander Begg, (Toronto: 1971), p. 110.