The Factory System Chapter 19 Section 2

Overview Working people lived in cramped and poorly maintained apartments houses called tenements Illness, death or unemployment of a parent could send the family into starvation 40,000 to 50,000 working class people in manchester , england, lived in cellars Before the industrial revolution, the artisan controlled the training of apprentices, the quality and price of goods, and the pace of each work day The industrial revolution affected the people by offering less jobs

Daily Quiz Questions During the 1700s the opportunity for a higher standard for living lured thousands of english farmers to work on the factory. Instead of spending years as an apprentice learning a trade, workers could learn to use steam- powered machinery in a few days. The early textile factories employed mainly women and children. Factory owners paid their workers wages based on the number of hours worked or amount of goods produced. The factory system was different from the domestic system as workers were not offered many opportunities for advancement within the factory. Factory workers had many rules to follow, including arriving for work on time, eating meals at set times, and leaving only with permission, and breaking rules could result in consequences such as a fine, pay cut, or firing.

Daily Quiz Questions 7. In the early factories workers typically spent 14 hours a day, six days a week on the job. 8. The factory act of 1883 allowed for factory inspections and enforcement of child labor 9. The standard of living of working class improved considerably when inexpensive consumer goods produced in the factories become available to them. 10. As the industrial society expanded and became more complicated, a middle class including doctors, lawyers, engineers, professors, and their families grew to become an important political force

The Effect of Machines on Work Steam powered machinery made work easier to do. Employers soon discovered that women and children could work as efficiently as men. As machines became more common, skilled workers often found themselves unemployed. For factores no longer needed their abilities when they had machines to do it instead. Many families sent their children to work, so they could make up for lost money.

The Wage System Under the Domestic system,The factory system differed significantly. The workers usually worked in unsupervised They turned in finished products one a week Were paid for the number of items completed The factory wage When you first start there they wanted you pay to be as low as possible Factory owners paid their workers based on the number of hours and amout of poducts products produced.

Factory Rules and Regulations Rules of the factory Must arrive promptly They could only eat meals and take breaks at set times They could only leave with permission They had to work no matter the weather or time of day In early factories, workers spent 14 hours a day, 6 days a week, on the job. Factories were uncomfortable with terrible conditions. Young children were commonly employed in cotton mills The introduction of machines allowed workers to learn a trade in as quickly as on day

Factors that Determine the Wages Employers wanted to produce goods as cheaply as possible, so factory workers set wages in relation to other production costs An oversupply of workers lowered wages, yet wages rose when there was not enough workers to do the job Wages also depended on what workers could earn at other jobs Wages were higher for men then for women as women were thought of as adding a little to a families, even if a women was the only one in her family working

Working Class Women During the 1800s jobs became more available for women The early textile mills hired women to tend machines that spun cotton Industrialization changed to location for working class women but did not change their status Employers hired women because they could pay them less Companies like the London Clothing company paid men twice as much as women Domestic service was another popular job for working class women As a result of the revolution, more middle class families could afford servants Middle class jobs included Merchants, School Teachers, and Manufacturers

Middle Class Women Middle class women could now hire servants to help them with cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children While their husbands went to work, middle class women stayed home People thought that if a women earned money, it corrupted her of “true womanhood” During the late 1800s women working became more acceptable Jobs like public health care, nurses, social workers, and telephone operators became more available for women