Chapter 1 Review

What is life 1. cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce 2. Redi’s experiment showed that flies do not spontaneously arise from rotting meat but are produced from the eggs of other flies. 3. All living things need: food, water, living space, and stable internal conditions. 4. Growth is the process of becoming larger Development is the process of becoming more complex

What is life: Building Vocab 5. stimulus 6. autotrophs 7. multicellular 8. spontaneous generation 9. cell 10. heterotrophs 11. response 12. controlled experiment 13. homeostasis 14. reproduce

Classifying Life: Understanding Main Ideas 1. Carolus Linneaus placed organisms in groups based on their observable features. He also devised a naming system called binomial nomenclature that indicates an organisms genus and species 2. The modern system classifies organisms into 8 levels: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name given to an organism is based on binomial nomenclature. The more classification levels two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common and them more closely related they are.

Classifying Life: Building Vocabulary 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. E 7. C

Domains and Kingdoms: Understanding Main Ideas 1. fungi 2. animal 3. plant 4. protist 5. fungi 6. animal 7. plant 8. animal

Domains and Kingdoms: Understanding Main Ideas 9. nucleus: a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acid 10. prokaryote: organisms whose cells lack nuclei and whose nucleic acids are not contained in the nuclei 11. eukaryote: organisms with cells that have nuclei containing nucleic acid

Evolution and Classification Understanding Main Ideas 1. Biologists now understand that certain organisms may be similar because they share a common ancestor and an evolution history. Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together. 2. The common ancestor of all the organisms in a branching tree diagram is located at its base. Organisms are grouped together according to their shared derived characteristics. For example, all organisms about the label “four limbs” have four limbs. 3. The characteristics lowest on a branching tree diagram probably developed earliest. 4. To determine the evolutionary history of a species, scientist compare the structure of organisms and study the chemical makeup of organisms'’ cells.

Evolution and Classification Understanding Main Ideas 5. Shared derived characteristic: a characteristic by all organisms in a group 6. convergent evolution: a process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar characteristics 7. branching tree diagram: a way to show probable evolutionary relationships and the order in which specific characteristics may have developed.

Chapter 1: Study Guide Living things can vary. For example, organisms may be prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Yet all living things are made of cells, which grow, develop and reproduce.

Chapter 1: Review and Assessment Lesson 1 1. C 2. Asexual reproduction 3. All reasonable answers such as plant, pet or person are acceptable 4. Plant type, pot type, soil type, location, and sun exposure should be identical. The manipulated variable should be the amount of water. 5. if you tried…good for you

Chapter 1: Review and Assessment Lesson 2 6. C 7. binomial nomenclature 8. It is in the same genus as the red maple, so I would predict that it is a closely related tree. 9. If you tried, good for you!

Chapter 1: Review and Assessment Lesson 3 10. B 11. prokaryotes 12. Sample: Fungi are heterotrophs while plants are autotrophs

Chapter 1: Review and Assessment Lesson 4 13. D 14. branching tree diagram 15. Sample: Each organism evolved in similar environments and eveloped similar characteristics through convergent evolution 16. Sample: I would see if it had cells, contained similar chemicals to living things on Earht, uised in energy, and responded to its environment. I would also look for older, younger, bigger, or smaller versions as evidence that it could grow, develop and reproduce. In trying to classify the organism, I would look to see if it was a prokaryote or a euikaryote by looking for a nucleus. Counting the number of cells would help to identify it as being unicellular or multicellular

Chapter 1: Standardized Test Prep 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C