Chapter 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901-1912

Raking Muck with the Muckrakers Progressive Roots What other movements did the progressive movement relate to? What did progressive theorists insist on? What did Henry Demarest Lloyd and Thorstein Veblen write about? Describe the content of How the Other Half Lives. Who else supported the progressive movement? Raking Muck with the Muckrakers What was the purpose of “muckraking” magazines? How did the public feel about muckraking stories? What did Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell write about? What were the targets of muckrakers? What was “The Treason of the Senate” about and how was the piece received? What were some of the social evils addressed by muckrakeers? How did muckrakers feel about capitalism and democracy?

Political Progressivism From what class were progressive reformers? What were the two goals of the progressives? What were the four ways progressives tried to get the power back in the hands of the people? How did progressives attempt to eliminate graft in government? How did progressives impact the election of US senators? What gains did suffragists make during this time period? Progressivism in the Cities and States Progressives made many gains in cities. How did the gains help demonstrate what some progressives valued? What other issues did urban reforms attack? Who was Robert La Follette and what did he do? What did Hiram W. Johnson and Charles Evans Hughes do for their states?

Progressive Women What was a crucial focus for women progressives? What was the women’s club movement and why was it significant? How did women defend their work in the progressive movement? In what ways did women become involved in federal bureaucracy? Who was Florence Kelley and what did she fight for? What was the outcome of the Muller v. Oregon case? Who did female activism most impact? What was the outcome of the Lochner v. New York case? What happened at the triangle shirtwaist factory and how did it impact New York law and eventually other states as well? What was alcohol connected to in the early 1900s? What was the WCTU and what did they fight for? Prior to prohibition, what areas were typically “dry” and what areas were “wet”? What was the 18th amendment?

TR’s Square Deal for Labor What was the purpose of the Square Deal? What were the three C’s? What were coal miners fighting for in Pennsylvania in 1902? How did mine owners respond to the coal miners strike? What did Roosevelt threaten to do to the mine owners and why was this significant? What was the outcome of the coal miners strike? The Department of Commerce and Labor was created in 1903 and an important arm was the Bureau of Corporations. What was the Bureau able to do? TR Corrals the Corporations In what ways was the Interstate Commerce Commission inadequate? What did the Elkins Act of 1903 do? What did the Hepburn Act of 1906 do? Roosevelt had a certain belief about trusts. What was this belief? What was Roosevelt’s first trustbusting target? What was the outcome of The Northern Securities decision? What kinds trusts did Roosevelt attempt to bust? Roosevelt didn’t believe that trustbusting was a sound economic policy, why? What was Roosevelt’s real purpose in taking on the trusts? How did Roosevelt prove that he was actually a friend of big business?

Caring for the Consumer What was happening in Europe regarding American meat? What did Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle discuss? How did Roosevelt respond to The Jungle? What did the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 state? What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906? Earth Control Previously, how had Americans, specifically frontier people, treated the land? What was the purpose of the Desert Act of 1877? What was the purpose of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891? What was the purpose of the Carey Act of 1894? How did conservationism change when Roosevelt came to the presidency? Who was Gifford Pinchot? Why did Roosevelt pass the Newlands Act of 1902 and how did it impact the environment? How much land did Roosevelt set aside for federal reserves? In what three ways did the public show their interest in conservationism? What happened in the Hetch Hetchy Valley? What is the difference between preservationists and conservationists? What was Roosevelt’s policy towards conservation? How did western’s take advantage of the Forest Service and the Bureau of Reclamation?

The “Roosevelt Panic” of 1907 What did Roosevelt call for in his second term and how did conservatives feel about it? What did Roosevelt announce in 1904 and how did it impact his presidency? What happened in 1907 in relation to the economy? What did Roosevelt’s critics say in relation to the financial panic? What were the effects of the Panic of 1907? What did the Aldrich-Vreeland Act say? The Rough Rider Thunders Out Why didn’t Roosevelt run for a third term? Why did he choose Taft and what was the platform? Who was the democratic candidate and what was his platform? Who won the election and what surprises happened during the election? How was Roosevelt seen by his adversaries and why was this not necessarily a true? What were Roosevelt’s major beliefs and what was his most lasting achievement? What three major lasting impacts did TR have on American government and policy?

Taft: A Round Peg in a Square Hole Why did Taft first inspire confidence? What were Taft’s political handicaps? How did Taft feel about progressivism? The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat Describe the concept of “dollar diplomacy”. What was Taft and Knox’s plan for dollar diplomacy in Manchuria? Why wasn’t the plan successful? What was happening in the Caribbean during this time and how did Taft deal with the issue? What happened in Central America that called for US intervention?

Taft Splits the Republican Party Taft the Trustbuster How many suits against trusts did Taft bring during his four years as president? What happened to Standard Oil in 1911? Describe the “rule of reason.” Why was Roosevelt infuriated when Taft tried to bust the U.S. Steel Corporation? Taft Splits the Republican Party Who wanted to reduce the tariffs and what was Taft’s stance? Describe the Payne-Aldrich Bill and why did it anger some republicans? How did Taft feel about the environment? Why did Taft dismiss Pinchot and how did the public and Roosevelt feel about his decision? What faction of the Republican party supported Taft? Describe Roosevelt’s concept of “New Nationalism”. How did the Republicans fare in the congressional elections of 1910 and why?

The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture Why was the National Progressive Republican League formed in 1911? Who was the leader of the NPRL? Why did Roosevelt attempt to run for president again and under what reasoning? What party did Roosevelt take over? Why did Taft triumph over Roosevelt and the Republican convention of 1912? How did Roosevelt respond to this defeat?