Literary and Rhetorical Terms understatement tone Literary and Rhetorical Terms allusion motif euphemism apostrophe oxymoron asyndeton rhetoric connotation polysyndeton antithesis hyperbole parallelism colloquialism ethos pathos logos juxtaposition paradox foil diction personification metaphor mood

Introduction: Figurative Language Review Simile: comparison using like or as Metaphor: comparison NOT using like or as Hyperbole: extreme exaggeration Personification: giving human qualities to something nonhuman

Figurative Language in pop culture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-S-uxMeNnt4&index=3&list=RDQMBvPJt_Wzeag

alliteration repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together. EXAMPLE: Why not waste a wild weekend at Westmore Water Park?

assonance the repetition of similar vowel sounds in words that are close together Example: “Men sell the wedding bells.”

oxymoron a figure of speech that combines opposite terms in a brief phrase “Jumbo shrimp” “Pretty ugly” “Bitter-sweet”

allusion reference to someone or something that is known from history, the Bible, or literature Example: “When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn’t necessary.” Scrooge was an extremely stingy character from Charles Dickens’, A Christmas Carol. Allusions in songs

paradox a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth

Irony: discrepancy between appearances and reality

Three types of irony Situational irony: the opposite of what one expects to occur Verbal irony: sarcasm; saying the opposite of what one means Dramatic irony: the audience/reader knows something that one or more characters does not know

pun a humorous “play on words” based on the multiple meanings a word

More puns Did you hear about the butcher who backed into his meat grinder & got a little behind in his work? What is the difference between a well dressed man and a dog? The man wears a suit, the dog just pants. Two peanuts walk into a bar. One was a salted. There were two ships. One had red paint, one had blue paint. They collided. At last report, the survivors were marooned. Sir Lancelot once had a very bad dream about his horse. It was a knight mare. Zucchini: a two-piece bathing suit for animals.

euphemism a substitution of a more pleasant expression for one that is rude or offensive

anaphora Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row Ex: Each woman stood on the steps of her house. Each woman clapped. Each one held her breath as the men rode into town.

Colloquial language Common, everyday language – not to be used in formal writing [slang] Example: “He’s out of his head if he thinks I’m gonna go for such a stupid idea.

connotation

diction speaker or writer’s choice of words https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/word-choice/

idiom An expression that cannot be taken literally

mood An atmosphere created by a writer’s diction and the details selected https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/tone-and-mood/

tone the attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work

Parallel structure (parallelism) the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures.

Point of view Point of View – the standpoint from which a story is told https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/point-of-view/ First Person Point of View – told from the viewpoint of one of the characters using the pronouns “I” and “we” Second Person Point of View – it’s all about “you” Third Person Limited Point of View – the narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character Third Person Omniscient Point of View – “god-like” the narrator can tell us the thoughts and feelings of ALL of the characters in a story

Symbol/symbolism a person, place, thing, or event stands for something more than itself Examples: a wedding ring represents??? the Statue of Liberty represents??????

theme The lesson about life learned from a work https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/theme/ Examples: Overcoming challenges/obstacles; perseverance Love/friendship conquers all Be happy with yourself Compassion for others Courage in the face of defeat

understatement a statement that says less than what is meant; opposite of hyperbole

rhetoric the art of persuasion in speaking or writing

Three methods of persuasion ethos: the writer’s character or image; using a person’s credibility to convince audience (think: “ethics”) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0KmvWL6Dfw&list=PLUt_PBZQzj_D7wPfnSX-m9Ho1pfcq_CgG&index=5 pathos: playing on the emotions of the audience (think: “sympathy”) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAlyHUWjNjE logos: logical arguments; use of logic, claims, and evidence to convince an audience (think: “logic”) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1DNoole3Wo