Colonizing North America Why did England, France, and Netherlands seek a northwest passage to Asia? How did the Protestant Reformation create rivalries among nations? How did governments in the colonies develop and shape each society? 8.SS.H3 – Competition for control of territory and resources in North America led to conflicts among colonizing powers 8.SS.H4 – Practice of race-based slavery led to the forced migration of Africans to the American colonies. Their knowledge and traditions contributed to the development of those colonies and the U.S. 8.SS.HS16 – Cultural biases, stereotypes and prejudices had social, political and economic consequences for minority groups and the population as a whole

Atlantic Slave Trade High demand for labor to replace Native Americans Estimated 10 million enslaved Africans taken across Middle Passage, journey from West Africa to the Americas/West Indies – between 1500s and 1800s Slavery – when a person legally owns another and forces them to obey anything they say Nearly 500,000 slaves eventually taken to British colonies

Search for NW Passage (France) Magellan (1519) sailed around the world  Europeans wanted a quicker waterway through/around North America 1534 – Frenchman Jacques Cartier searches for shortcut  instead he claims Canada (lands that would be) Samuel de Champlain founds first New France settlement, Quebec, a trading post for explorers, soldiers, fur trappers Father Marquette & Louis Joliet (1673) + Robert de La Salle (1682) explore Mississippi River – claim Louisiana

England is greedy John Cabot (Italy) sails to Newfoundland/Nova Scotia in 1497 & claims North America for England Noble Sir Walter Raleigh  colony in Roanoke (Virginia) 1587 Second group arrives too late for planting season John White delayed supply run by three years (Spain vs. England) Colonist disappeared...CROATOAN marked on a tree

English at Jamestown Virginia Company of London receives charter, legal doc. giving certain rights, founds settlement in 1607 Landed in a swampy area, no real farmers, began to trade with natives – were not fans of settlers Capt. John Smith becomes leader – “if any would not work neither should he eat”  captured/injured & returns to GB Begin growing tobacco  wildly successful though a “vile custom” (King James) – Dutch bring Africans to work fields

House of Burgesses Jamestown originally run like a military outpost, very harsh penalties for smallest infractions Reforms of 1619 – settlers can elect burgesses, representatives to government  make laws for them Idea self-government rooted in history Magna Carta (1215), signed by King John  can’t raise taxes without consulting nobles and church leaders

New/Netherlands Englishman Henry Hudson (1609), Half Moon, explore for Netherlands the New York harbor, up river for NW passage Peter Minuit (1626) buys Manhattan from Iroquois, establishes New Amsterdam(York) & others further up Hudson River Enlarged colony by taking over New Sweden (near Delaware River) in 1655 Dutch and French become fur trading rivals & try to gain alliances, or agreements for protection, with local natives

England’s a bully... English King Charles II refuses to recognize Dutch claims of New Amsterdam Grants his brother James, Duke of York, to take land forcibly  sends a fleet to Americas Governor of New Amsterdam, Peter Stuyvesant surrenders the colony to James who renames it New York (1664)

Seeking religious freedom Founders of Plymouth (Massachusetts), or Pilgrims, sought something besides riches Wanted to avoid religious persecution, the mistreatment or punishment of certain people because of their beliefs Separatists (in Netherlands) win charter in England to settle colony in Virginia  travel to Americas on Mayflower November 11, 1620 – sign Mayflower Compact in which they agreed to makes/abide by laws for “the general good”