Darwin and the Narrative of Human Origins

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Presentation transcript:

Darwin and the Narrative of Human Origins

Effect Not about direct authorial influence But the operation of a radical new narrative of human origins and story of human development upon cultural consciousness (and unconsciousness) the evidence of which we can see in a range of cultural products and by-products of the human imagination in the late 19th century and early 20th. Perhaps the greatest “effect” of Darwin is Modernism itself, the Great experimental period in western art from 1890-1940. Effect, After-effect, Side-effect

Perspective Major, seismic shift in perspective Exampled in Cézanne, where physical perspective no longer obtains; upheaval in the basic principles of the world. “Copernican” in scope

Paul Cézanne, Bibemus Quarry, 1895

Gaugin’s Questions Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? 1897

Gaugin’s Questions Where does humanity come from? What is humanity? How does humanity proceed?

Where does humanity come from? A more remote origin in an expanding recessive (geological) timeline. A look further back to a more anterior origin. The myth of Victorian progress punctuated as a reverse story of regress. A fresh and startling glimpse into the animal/bestial origins of humanity. We come from animals.

What is humanity? Not advanced but “Primitive,” Savage, Disgusting; not singled out and superior to animals but continuous with them. Darwin, Descent of Man (1871): “There can hardly be a doubt that we are descended from barbarians.” Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness (1899) Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1899); animal drives, the irrational

Kurtz

Edvard Munch, Scream (1893)

Pablo Picasso, Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon (1907)

Man Ray, Noire et Blanche (1926)

What is humanity? A function of natural laws, processes, mechanisms. Reduction to physiology and materiality. Human consciouness a development of the function of animals; natural mechanisms. Not the nature of the Romantic English landscape

Romantic Nature

Victorian Nature “nature red in tooth and claw” Tennyson

What is humanity? Constant battle for survival; survival replaces purpose Not fully formed by God but cobbled together by accident

Man (Woman) not fully formed Picasso, Head of a Woman (1936)

What is humanity? Man/Woman in Process Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase (1912)

Where are we going? A creature looking before and after into an infinite unfolding of time with an acute sense of loneliness, alienation: no guide Anxiety, ennui, despair, absurdity, accident Purposeless proc ess? Loss of human agency? Waiting? “The great revelation had never come. The great revelation perhaps never did come.” Virginia Woolf, To the Lighthouse Becket, Waiting for Godot