A Facility Location Problem with Respect to Trip Chaining Behaviors Graduate School of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Yudai HONMA EWGLA XVII 19 September, 2008

Trip Chaining Behavior Ordinary Stopping by a shop on the way home Visiting several shops Home Shop Trip chaining behavior Co. Shop Home Home-based trip chain Home Shop

What would be happened? Opening new commercial facility Features of trip chaining behavior Visiting multiple facilities Movements from a facility to another facility If people visit only 1 shop competing effect would be happened → New shop should be located separately from other shops. If people visit multiple shops accumulation effect would be happened → New shop should be located near existing shops Opening new commercial facility

Purpose To clarify how trip chaining behaviors affect the location of facilities Focusing on commercial facilities Formulate trip chaining behavior Based on multinomial logit model (extension of Huff model) Optimal location in various situations Which maximize the visitor of new facility When incorporate 2 types of facilities e.g.) Theaters + Restaurants

Formulation of Trip Chaining Behavior Situation People in each demand point visit several facilities in a row (carry out trip chaining behavior) Definition of trip chain indicates starting demand points indicates visiting facilities Start from and visit in the order which minimize total travel cost is the number of visiting facilities facility points demand points

All alternative set (probable trip chain) Formulation Focus on an individual in demand point If the individual carries out trip chaining behavior → choose the set of visiting facilities Utility Probability All alternative set (probable trip chain)

When all , equivalent to Huff model Probability Utility depends on Attractiveness of visiting facilities Total travel cost Psychological burden of visitation When all , equivalent to Huff model

Number of Visitors in Each Facility The number of visitors in each facility is Calculate the optimal locations which maximize the visitor of facilities

One Facility Location Problem Model Square Region 4 existing shops Demand points is distributed uniformly Trip chaining behavior Problem to solve The optimal location for new shop (No.5) to maximize the number of visitors

All People Visits One Facility Alternative set {[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]} People are permitted to visit only one shop (equivalent to Huff model) Optimal location Should be located apart from other 4 shops Competing effect 100% The number of visitors for new shop

All People Visit Two Facility Alternative set {[1,2], [1,3], [1,4], [1,5], [2,3], [2,4], [2,5], [3,4], [3,5], [4,5]} All people visit two shops Optimal location Should be located at same point with other shops Be able to expect consecutive visitation Accumulation effect 100% The number of visitors for new shop

All People Visit Three Facility Alternative set {[1,2,3], [1,2,4], [1,2,5], [1,3,4], [1,3,5], [1,4,5], [2,3,4], [2,3,5], [2,4,5], [3,4,5]} All people visit three shops Optimal location Should be located near the existing shops Should be approached multiple shops Accumulation effect 100% The number of visitors for new shop

Alternative Set are Mixed {[1],･･･, [5], [1,2],･･･, [4,5], [1,2,3],･･･, [3,4,5]} Assumption (review) People carry out the trip chaining behavior which maximizes their utility Utility depends on the psychological burden of visitation 100% is high is low Tend to visit one shop Tend to visit multiple shops

Incorporate 2 Types of Facilities Model 3 existing shops of Type A e.g.) Theaters, 4 existing shops of Type B e.g.) Restaurants, dem. → Type A → Type B → dem. Problem to solve Optimal location for new Type A shop (No.8) and Type B shop (No.9) to maximize the total number of visitors

New Shops are not Attractive Attractiveness of new shop Both shop = 1 Alternative set {1, 2, 3, 8}×{4, 5, 6, 7, 9} Optimal location New Type A shop ★ is located at large existing Type B Shop. New Type B shop ★ is located at large existing Type A Shop. Both of new shops should be parasitic on existing large shops. Type A Type B

As Same as Other Shops Attractiveness of new shop Optimal location Both shop = 2 Optimal location New shops are both located at same point ★. They can expect the people who consecutively visit both of new shops. Optimal location is near the existing large shops.

More Attractive Case Attractiveness of new shop Optimal location Both shop = 10 Optimal location New shops are both located at same point ★. They can expect the visitors who consecutively visit both of new shops. Optimal location is nearer to the center than previous case. Do not have to depends on other shops.

Conclusion Analyzed the optimal location for commercial facilities Incorporated the trip chaining behavior Strategy of owner depends on the length of trip chain Visit one shop → apart from other shops Visit multiple shops → approached to other shops Incorporated 2 types of facilities Less attractive → parasitic on other shops enough attractive → open 2 shops at same point