1500s Exploration Colonization Seventeenth Century Colonial America U.S. History: Chapter 1 1500s Exploration Colonization Seventeenth Century Colonial America

1500s Exploration New Spain was ruled by a viceroy appointed by the king. French explorations were authorized in 1524 by King Francis I Da Verrazzano explored the East Coast of the U.S. from Maine to North Carolina Jacque Cartier began a series of explorations that gave France claim to the area around the St. Lawrence River

1500s Exploration British explorers began in 1497 when Cabot became the first European since the Vikings to reach North America A. Sir Walter Raleigh named Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth I; he sent a group to settle in Roanoke B. Virginia Dare was the first English child born in the Americas

Colonization New France A. Marquette explored the Mississippi Valley B. Characteristics of New France: 1. Fur trade 2. good relations with the Indians 3. small populations 4. little support from France

Colonization New Netherlands A. When searching for a Northwest Passage, Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson River B. Trading posts established in 1624 at New Amsterdam C. Characteristics of New Netherlands 1. Patroon system: large estates granted to men of wealth who settled 50 or more 2. weak governments 3. many settlers from other European nations

Colonization British Colonies Virginia was settled by the Virginia Company of London 1. James town was the first permanent English settlement in North America (1607) a. many died from starvation, disease, and Indian attacks b. harsh rules by John Smith saved the colony 2. John Rolfe discovered a superior strain of tobacco

Colonization Plymouth was settled by the Pilgrims, religious separatists from the Church of England in (1620) 1. chartered by the London Company 2. led by Bradford 3. Mayflower landed on Cape Cod 4. Orderly government based on the consent of the governed was established in the General Court

Colonization Massachusetts Bay settled in 1630 by the Puritans 1. chartered by the Massachusetts Bay Company 2. led by John Winthrop 3. had a governor, representative assembly, General Court Rhode Island was settled by religious dissident Roger Williams 1. colony granted religious toleration 2. populated by exiles and dissidents 3. Anne Huthinson was also banished from for challenging Puritan rule

Colonization Connecticut was founded by Puritan Thomas Hooker after an argument with John Winthrop 1. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were the first written constitution in America 2. founded in 1636 New Hampshire chartered by Charles II Maryland founded by George Calvert and Lord Baltimore 1. established as a refuge for Catholics 2. Act of Religious Toleration protected Catholics

Colonization The Carolinas were founded by eight noblemen who were rewarded for loyalty to Charles II 1. North Carolina absorbed the overflow population from Virginia 2. South Carolina had rice as its staple crop New York and New Jersey was a territory given to James, Duke of York by Charles II in 1664 1. New Jersey became a separate royal colony in 1702 2. self government in New York, then taken away in 1685 Pennsylvania was organized by William Penn in 1681 as a religious haven for Quakers

Seventeenth Century Colonial America Culture was diverse and varied from region to region A. New Englanders had the longest life-span and most stable society B. New England Puritan communities focused on religion and family C. Indentured servants were common in the Chesapeake area D. Slavery was firmly established in the Chesapeake and Southern colonies

Seventeenth Century Colonial America Economic Life A. Boston was the major trading port B. New England economy based on small farms, fishing, shipbuilding and trade C. Chesapeake depended on tobacco crops D. Elite wealthy planter class evolved in the Chesapeake and Southern colonies E. Mercantilism: 1. Navigation Acts in place

Seventeenth Century Colonial America Religion – Salem Witch Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people Problems/Issues A. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) was led by Nathanial Bacon who opposed the policies of Governor Berkeley; the armed conflict ended when Bacon died and Berkeley was removed

Seventeenth Century Colonial America King Philip’s War (1675-1676) – Wampanoag chief (King Philip) sought to rid New England of British settlers; 2,000 were killed before King Philip died Dominion of New England (1680s) began when James II wanted to unite New England, New York, and New Jersey under tighter royal control; William and Mary came into power, they abandoned the Dominion