Introduction of GATE 2012. 9. 20 국립암센터 박 세 준 연구원

GATE 란 GATE : GEANT4 Application for Tomographic Emission Geant4를 기반으로 하여 핵의학영상기기인 PET과 SPECT 시뮬레이션을 위하여 2004년 처음으로 release됨. 2010년 2월에 release된 GATE ver. 6.0.0 부터 radiation therapy, hadron therapy 추가됨. (Currently GATE ver. 6.2) GATE simulation Sinogram Reconstructed image

Main technical features GATE is based on Geant4 is written in C++ is user-friendly as simulations can be designed and controlled using macros, without any C++ writing is able to simulate SPECT, PET and CT scans and radiotherapy treatments is flexible enough to model almost any detector design explicitly models time, therefore make it possible to model detector motion, patient motion, radioactive decay, optical photon tracking, dead time, time of flight, tracer kinetecs can handle analytical or voxelized phantoms can run on a cluster architecture and on a grid

How it works Developer level User level Core and Application layer C++ programming User level Simulation parameters Geometry Sources Time Analysis … Macro scripting only Structure of GATE

General Simulation Architecture Scanner geometry Phantom geometry Physics processes Initialization compute cross-section tables Digitizer Description Source Description Output setup Time management Materials ; Geometry ; Physical processes Post-initialization

Geometry scripting world scanner phantom /gate/world/geometry/setXLength 100 cm /gate/world/geometry/setYLength 100 cm /gate/world/geometry/setZLength 100 cm crystal collimator /gate/world/daughters/name SPECThead /gate/world/daughters/insert box /gate/SPECThead/repeaters/insert ring /gate/SPECThead/ring/setRepeatNumber 4 /gate/SPECThead/daughters/name collimator /gate/SPECThead/daughters/insert box /gate/SPECThead/daughters/name crystal /gate/SPECThead/daughters/insert box /gate/world/daughters/name Phantom /gate/world/daughters/insert cylinder

Ocular brachytherapy treatment PET camera Radiotherapy Ocular brachytherapy treatment Geometry example OPET scanner

Material and Physics scripting /gate/geometry/setMaterialDatabase ../../GateMaterials.db …… # P H Y S I C S ##### /gate/physics/addProcess PhotoElectric /gate/physics/addProcess LowEnergyCompton /gate/physics/addProcess LowEnergyRayleighScattering /gate/physics/addProcess ElectronIonisation /gate/physics/addProcess Bremsstrahlung /gate/physics/addProcess MultipleScattering e- /gate/physics/processList Enabled /gate/physics/processList Initialized /applic/application/hep/Gate/gate_v6.2/GateMaterials.db

Sensitive volumes and digitization # S E N S I T I V E D E T E C T O R S # Crystal SD /gate/crystal/attachCrystalSD # D I G I T I Z E R ##### # The digitizer tracks what happens in the detection system and in the electronics # Build a digitizer that first computes the centroid of interactions ## /gate/digitizer/Singles/insert adder /gate/digitizer/Singles/insert blurring /gate/digitizer/Singles/blurring/setResolution 0.10 /gate/digitizer/Singles/blurring/setEnergyOfReference 140. keV /gate/digitizer/Singles/insert spblurring /gate/digitizer/Singles/spblurring/setSpresolution 2.0 mm /gate/digitizer/Singles/spblurring/verbose 0 /gate/digitizer/Singles/insert thresholder /gate/digitizer/Singles/thresholder/setThreshold 20. keV /gate/digitizer/Singles/insert upholder /gate/digitizer/Singles/upholder/setUphold 190. keV w/o spblurring with spblurring

Source scripting Multiple sources Controlled by source manager Inserted via scripting Complex geometries: customized gps An example: dual isotope scan simulation F-18 and O-15 in PET Tc-99m and Tl-201 in SPECT /gate/source/addSource F18LineSource /gate/source/F18LineSource/setActivity 10000. Bq /gate/source/F18LineSource/gps/particle e+ /gate/source/F18LineSource/setForcedHalfLife 6586.2 s /gate/source/F18LineSource/gps/energytype Fluor18 /gate/source/addSource O15LineSource /gate/source/O15LineSource/setActivity 10000. Bq /gate/source/O15LineSource/gps/particle e+ /gate/source/O15LineSource/setForcedHalfLife 122.24 s /gate/source/O15LineSource/gps/energytype Oxygen15

Output scripting # O U T P U T /gate/output/ascii/setOutFileHitsFlag 0 /gate/output/ascii/setOutFileSinglesFlag 0 /gate/output/ascii/setOutFileCoincidencesFlag 0 /gate/output/ascii/setOutFiledelayFlag 0 /gate/output/root/enable /gate/output/root/setFileName benchmarkPET /gate/output/root/setRootHitFlag 0 /gate/output/root/setRootSinglesFlag 0 /gate/output/root/setRootCoincidencesFlag 1 /gate/output/root/setRootdelayFlag 1

Timing scripting Simulation time A clock models the passing of time during experiments The user defines the experiment timing Time-dependent objects Updated when time changes Allows programming of movement, tracer kinetics.. /gate/application/setTimeSlice 37.5 s /gate/application/setTimeStart 0. s /gate/application/setTimeStop 600. s /gate/application/startDAQ

How to run GATE Interactive mode Batch mode Parameterized macro gate@vgate:~/benchmarks/benchSPECT$ gate Interactive mode Batch mode Parameterized macro [G4]  [G4] ************************************************************* [G4]  Geant4 version Name: geant4-09-02-patch-03    (29-January-2010) [G4]                       Copyright : Geant4 Collaboration [G4]                       Reference : NIM A 506 (2003), 250-303 [G4]                             WWW :http://cern.ch/geant4 [Core-0] Initialization of geometry [Core-0] Initialization of physics [Core-0] Initialization of actors [Core-0]  [Core-0] ********************************************************************** [Core-0]  GATE version name: gate_v6.0_p01                                            [Core-0]                     Copyright : OpenGATE Collaboration                 [Core-0]                     Reference : Phys. Med. Biol. 49 (2004) 4543-4561   [Core-0]                     WWW :http://www.opengatecollaboration.org/ ;       Idle> gate@vgate:~/benchmarks/benchSPECT$ gate benchSPECT.mac /control/execute vis.mac GATE 6.0 버젼 에서는 parameterized macro 실행 안됨. Bug!! 6.1. 버젼부터는 fix 되어 실행가능. Got standard cmap Window name: viewer-0 (OpenGLStoredX) /tracking/storeTrajectory 1 … Idle>

감사합니다. GATE URL : http://www.opengatecollaboration.org To install GATE: http://www.opengatecollaboration.org/InstallingGATE To use GATE: http://www.opengatecollaboration.org/Documentation