QOTD How did Langston Hughes contribute to African-American Culture in the 20th Century? A      He was a popular urban progressive politician. B       He was an innovative musician who created jazz. C      He was a prominent poet in the Harlem Renaissance. D      He was the founder of the Back to Africa Movement.

QOTD How did Langston Hughes contribute to African-American Culture in the 20th Century? C      He was a prominent poet in the Harlem Renaissance.

Today’s Standard SSUSH17 Analyze the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.

Severe Economic Decline in the United States 1929 - 1941 The Great Depression

A False Prosperity 1) The 1920s was a time of prosperity for the U.S. By the end of the 20s, Americans were buying and investing with total confidence Economists were worried but no one payed attention 1929 – 4 million Americans own stock Herbert Hoover – an optimistic president who held to the view that the government shouldn’t interfere with the economy

President Herbert Hoover

Unknown Problems Beneath Things weren’t really as good as they looked 2) Lots of Americans were buying on credit By 1929, purchases on credit reached $7 billion People were buying and selling based on overconfidence and speculation 3) Farmers overproduced crops in large numbers thinking they would all be bought up 4) margin buying – buying stock with borrowed money A lot of people were in debt Things looked so good they just figured it would always be ok…

Stock Market Crashes October 29th, 1929 5) Black Tuesday Prices began to plummet fast Investors panicked, sold their stock and pulled out The Stock Market Crash of 1929 Many however were still in debt from buying on margin By mid-November investors lost $30 BILLION 6) The Great Depression begins… 1929 - 1941

3 Causes of the Great Depression 7) A) Farmers produced more than they could sell B) Credit was too easy to obtain and too many people had it C) Too little money was in the hands of the working- class, who made up most of the consumers

Effects of the Depression 1) 25% of U.S. Banks failed 85,000 Businesses failed Unemployment rate rose to 25% Many people lost everything and were homeless

The Dust Bowl 2) Farmers in the Midwest couldn’t escape either 3) Over-plowed farmland became massive fields of dirt Then came the drought – a severe shortage of water, making the soil dust Severe dust storms hit 4) The Dustbowl

Hoover Tries to Solve The Problem President Herbert Hoover Becomes president in 1928 The Depression starts in his administration 5) He tried to encourage Americans but doesn’t want to use government intervention His “hands-off” approach fails He is blamed for the Depression 6) Hoovervilles

Hoovervilles

A Change In Leadership 7) Franklin D. Roosevelt Elected in 1932 8) Roosevelt promises a “New Deal” for America To be continued…

Unit 7 Study Guides So Far… 1) The Roaring 20s 2) The Harlem Renaissance 3) The Great Depression

QOTD How did human factors contribute to the environmental devastation caused by the Dust Bowl? A      Industry cleared farmland to build more factories. B       Farmers cleared forests for farmland, drying up soil. C      Factory pollution poisoned water used for irrigation. D      Farmers didn’t rotate crops, leading to erosion.

QOTD How did human factors contribute to the environmental devastation caused by the Dust Bowl? D      Farmers didn’t rotate crops, leading to erosion.

Today’s Standard SSUSH18 Describe Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the Depression.

Restoring Hope 1932 President Franklin D. Roosevelt has a big task ahead of him 1) The Great Depression His response – The New Deal 2) a “hands-on” approach A) Re-open banks B) Create new jobs C) Give aid and relief to the unemployed

Tennessee Valley Authority 3) Tennessee was the location of one of the most important New Deal programs 4) The Tennessee Valley Authority Improved the standard of living in the Tennessee River Valley Prevented floods with dams Brought electricity to citizens

Opposition to the New Deal Not everyone agreed with the New Deal 5) Many thought the New Deal made the government too powerful. 6) Huey Long – the most popular critic of FDR Long wanted a minimum income and a home for all American families 7) Share-Our-Wealth Long is assassinated in 1935

The Second New Deal 1934 - Roosevelt is still popular in the middle of his term Passes a second wave of reforms 1) he Second New Deal 2) August 1935 – Congress passes the Social Security Act Has three parts A) Retirement compensation for ages 65 and up B) Unemployment compensation system C) Aid to families with dependent children, the disabled, and the elderly

The Wagner Act Protects Unions 1935 3) The Wagner Act Guarantees protection for laborers that were a part of unions Union memberships skyrocket

The “Court Packing” Bill Election of 1936 Roosevelt easily wins 4) He then wanted to reform the Supreme Court At that time, the Court had nine justices, 6 of which were 70 years of age or older Roosevelt wants to add 6 justices 5) The “court packing” bill Both Democrats and Republicans were outraged It never passed

The New Deal - The Good Some thought the New Deal was good, others not so good 6) Supporters believed it created hope by supplying jobs and boosting income Protected the rights of laborers Established standards for working conditions

The New Deal - The Bad 7) Critics felt that the New Deal created a welfare system The government supplies peoples’ needs instead of the people doing it themselves Did the New Deal work? The question never gets answered The U.S. enters another world war in 1941

Today’s Standard SSUSH18 Describe Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the Depression.

The New Deal - The Bad 7) Critics felt that the New Deal created a welfare system The government supplies peoples’ needs instead of the people doing it themselves Did the New Deal work? The question never gets answered The U.S. enters another world war in 1941

America: The Story of Us - BUST 1) Education 2) Unknown 3) 20-25,000 people were gathered around the bank 4) It fails 5) Banks 6) The Hoover Dam 7) Carbon Monoxide

America: The Story of Us - BUST 8) Pipes laid into the dam 9) Las Vegas 10) Dust Bowl 11) Sand 12) $25 million 13) Radio 14) Mt. Rushmore 15) Lightning

America: The Story of Us – BUST - answers 16) George Washington; Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt 17) WWII 18) 57 million 19) Schmeling 20) Over 100 million 21) 124 sec. 22) WWII