Energy Flow Concept Image Sensor Energy Source

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Flow Concept Image Sensor Energy Source Atmospheric Absorption and Scattering Reflectance Absorption Transmittance Interpretation and Analysis Landscape Information, maps and statistics, for Applications

Spectral responses of different materials Clear Water Green Vegetation Turbid Water Light Soil Dark Soil

Wavelength and Frequency Units of wavelength: Nanometers: 1 nm = 10-9 m Micrometers: 1 μm = 10-6 m c = λv where: λ = wavelength (m) V = frequency (cycles/second, Hz) c = speed of light (3x108 m/s)

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radiant Flux Total power of EM radiation emitted from object (or incident upon a surface) Wavelength dependent upon temperature Energy also dependent upon temperature

Radiation Laws Wien’s Displacement Law Relationship between the wavelength of radiation emitted and temperature of the object Where m is the wavelength of maximum emission Hotter objects have maximum emittance (radiance) at shorter wavelengths

Radiation Laws Stefan-Boltzman Law Radiation emitted from a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature W = σ T4 σ is Stefan-Boltzman constant 5.6697 x 10-8 (Wm-2 K-4) T is absolute temperature in Kelvin (K) Energy emitted from an object is primarily a function of its temperature

EM interactions with matter

Atmospheric Absorption

Atmospheric Absorption

Atmospheric Effects Scattering by suspended particles or large gas molecules redirects electromagnetic energy Type of scattering depends on atmospheric composition

Atmospheric Visibility… a good indictor of atmospheric effects in remote sensing

EMR Energy Budget AKA: Backscatter or path radiance

Remote Sensing Equation LA = 1/  E  + LP LA = apparent radiance detected by sensor  = reflectance E = solar irradiance  = atmospheric transmittance LP = contribution to apparent radiance by atmospheric scattering