Agenda: Home Fun: April 11, 2016 Mustang Monday Flocab WWI – Causes and new technologies Home Fun: 1914 Map – stamping tomorrow FN: Fronts FN: War of Attrition Take out the following FN: Causes of WII FN: New Technologies of War Warm-Up - Flocab Write down 4 facts from the video. What did you learn about WWI from this video? 3-5 complete sentences AP Euro Week 13

1914-1918: The World at War Causes of the Great War

Today’s Standard Essential Question 10.5 Students Analyze the causes of World War I 10.5.1 Analyze the causes for entering WWI presented bv leaders from all sides of the Great War, the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts. What were the causes of WWI and who do you believe was responsible? Why? Essential Question

Differing Viewpoints “Family Feud” “Fall of the Eagles” “The War to End All Wars” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

The European Powder Keg The 4 M.A.I.N. causes of World War I Militarism Alliance System Imperialism Nationalism

1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

1879 The Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia 1881 Austro-Serbian Alliance Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia 1882 The Triple Alliance  Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia 1914 Triple Entente (no separate peace) Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peace separately. 1894 Franco-Russian Alliance  Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary 1907 Triple Entente  This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany. 1907 Anglo-Russian Entente This was an agreement between Britain and Russia 1904 Entente Cordiale This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.

Victor Emmanuel II [It] The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha [Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

Europe in 1914

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

The “Spark”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

All For You Sophia Lyrics Bang bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang bang, shoot me Gavrilo Bang bang, the first six are for you Bang bang, the seventh is for me Bang bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang bang, Europe's going to weep All for you, all for you, all for you, Sophia (x4) Bang bang, history's complete Bang bang, shoot me Gavrilo Bang bang, the first six are for you Bang bang, the seventh is for me Bang bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang bang, shoot me Gavrilo All for you, all for you, all for you, Sophia (x4) The Black Hand holds the gun The devil takes his run Urban, take the Appel Quay It's June the twenty-eighth The seventh was for me

Latin Bridge in Sarajevo

A plaque commemorating the location of the Sarajevo assassination and steps of Gavrilo Princip (image taken in 1987, before steps were removed in 1992 and plaque changed from Cyrillic to Latin script)

The Great War Begins Old Strategy & New Technology

Today’s Standard Essential Question 10.5 Analyze the causes of the Great War (AKA WWI) 10.5.1 examine the geographic factors and theaters of WWI looking specifically at their significance in military decisions. How was this war different then previous wars? Essential Question

Archduke Assassinated = Alliance System Chain Reaction 1. Austria declares war on Serbia 2. Russia mobilizes troops 4. Germany declares war on France 3. Germany declares war on Russia 6. Britain declares war on Germany 5. Germany invades Belgium

Who’s To Blame?

German Atrocities in Belgium

Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

Recruitment Posters

A Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

New French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

What do these images and the poem tell us about the “mood” of Europeans going into “The Great War”

The Schlieffen Plan

Germany Strategy Schlieffen Plan  Avoid two-front war Defeat France quickly, then go back to Russia Russia's weakness’: lack of industrialization & railroads difficult to mobilize Verdun 300,000 French and German killed Somme – Brits & Germans lose 500,000

The War Begins Germany invades Belgium (neutral)  Britain declares war Western Front = Northern border of France & Western Germany Germans are almost to Paris by Sept. 3 1st Battle of the Marne (9/5/1914): Allies attack Germans; Germans lose 60 miles; ruins Schlieffen Plan, causing war on two fronts!!

The Western Front

A Multi-Front War

Two Opposing Sides Triple Alliance  Central Powers – Germany & Austria-Hungary (AH) later joined by Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire Triple Entente  Allies – Great Britain (GB), France, & Russia later joined by Japan, Italy, and United States

The Fronts Western Front = Northern France and Western Germany Eastern Front = Eastern German and Western Russia Mediterranean Front = in the Mediterranean sea and northern Africa

Stalemate & Trench Warfare Trench Warfare – conflict grinds to halt; huge losses for small gains 500 miles of trenches Extremely small spaces Mud, corpses, rats, & stench 4. 500 miles, from North Sea to Switzerland

Trench Warfare

In the Trenches

Trenches

“Over the Top” into “No Man’s Land”

Total War Leave space for definition

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

New Technologies of War Leads to more deaths and stalemate Machine guns Larger artillery Poison gas Armored tanks Airplanes U-boats Zepplins

French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

Machine Guns British machine guns fired 8 rounds per second, at a distance of 2,900 yards

Artillery Greater power and carried much further 24 million shells were used in the battle of Verdun

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917 The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

The Zeppelin

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

Poison Gas Machine Gun