WARM UP Using your text book define the following words: be sure to space out words every 8 lines. . . Cell Endosymbiosis (Endosymbiotic Theory) Eukaryote (Eukaryotic) Nucleus Organelle Prokaryote

Who is this?

INTRODUCTION TO CELLS UNIT 1

History of the Cell Janet Plowe, 1931 Rudolph Virchow, 1855 Theodor Schwann, 1839 Matthias Schleiden, 1838 See pages 170-171. Janet Plowe demonstrated how the cell membrane works. Janet is on here because she’s a woman and recent! Not for testing. Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Robert Hooke, 1665

Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right). He was the first person to use the term “cells”. 1665 – Robert Hooke publishes his book which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes. Coined the term “cells”.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa. 1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhook – perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. Four years later, he discovers protozoa.

Microscopes Magnification: refers to the microscope’s power to increase an object’s apparent size Resolution: refers to the microscope’s power to show detail clearly

Light Microscope

Light Microscope Elodea - Aquatic Plant 40X 400X

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Herpes Virus Plant Root Cell

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Mosquito Head 200X 2000X

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Fly Eye

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Inside of Stomach Surface of Tongue Neuron

Cell Theory Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells Cell Theory

Cell Theory Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855) Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism new cells are produced from existing cells

Cell Specialization Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall Red Blood Cells Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex Muscle Cells Stomata

The Levels of Organization Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping. Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex cell tissue organ organ system organism

Levels of Organization What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells? Level Function Example Organ system Different organs function together Nervous System Organ Different tissues function together Brain Tissues Similar cells function together Nervous Tissue Cells Cells can perform special jobs Neuron

WARM UP Using a different colored pen/pencil, go back to your vocabulary words from yesterday and simplify or put the definitions you copied from the book into your own words.

Cell Types PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

Cell Type: Prokaryotes Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Bacteria cells Typical bacteria cell

Cell Types: Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

Different Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic no nucleus no nucleus nucleus nucleus small ribosomes larger ribosomes small ribosomes larger ribosomes no organelles no organelles organelles organelles very small 1-10m very small small small 2-1000m only in bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria

How did organelles evolve? many scientists theorize that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryote ancestors. in 1981, Lynn Margulis popularized the “endosymbiont theory.”

Endosymbiont theory: Endo = inside Symbiont = friend a prokaryote ancestor “eats” a smaller prokaryote the smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, and lives inside its new “host” cell kind of like a pet. Endo = inside Symbiont = friend

the small prokaryotes that can do photosynthesis evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose. The smaller prokaryotes that can do aerobic respiration evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy the cell can use. Both the host and the symbiont benefit from the relationship

What Are the Parts of Cells Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes nuclear material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm

vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here) ribosomes: manufacture proteins mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here) cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA) cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell Parts of Cells cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole Introduction to cell parts. Functions will be covered with the appropriate process. ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)

The Cell cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole ribosomes mitochondria Introduction to cell parts. Functions will be covered with the appropriate process. ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)

Cell Organelles Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosome Cell Wall Animal Plant

Cell Drawing Assignment Turn to page 175 in the textbook. Draw the outer shape of both the animal and plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)

Works Cited Red Blood Cells, Online Image June 5, 2006, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, http://www.cc.nih.gov/dtm/dtm_whole_blood.htm Stomata Online Image, June 5, 2006, Energy Biosciences Program http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caoscillate.html Skeletal Muscle Cell Online Image, June 5, 2006, Medline Plus, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19495.htm Bacteria Cells Online Image, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/meaning_of_life.htm

Works Cited Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Online Images, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/domains.htm Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District