The Junk Drawer Kingdom Protists The Junk Drawer Kingdom

What is a protist? This Kingdom is very diverse!! General characteristics Eukaryotic – Contains a nucleus Both Unicellular and Multicellular Both Heterotrophs and Autotrophs May or may not have a cell wall

Organizing Diversity Protists are organized into three categories Plant-Like Protists - Also called Algae Animal-Like Protists - Also called Protozoans Fungus-Like Protists

Animal-Like Protists (Protozoans) Cell Structure: No Cell Wall Unicellular Classified Based on how they move and obtain food (locomotion) Mode of nutrition: heterotrophs Separated into 4 Different Phylum

Phylum Sarcodina - Sarcodines Amoeba Amoeboid Movement Move and eat using pseudopods (False Foot) Heterotrophs – Use food Vacuole

Phylum Ciliophora - Ciliates Ex. Paramecium and Stentor Move and eat using cilia – Short hairlike projections, similar to flagella Mostly freeliving – not parasitic

Phylum Zoomastigina - Zooflagellates Ex. Trypanosoma – Causes African Sleeping Sickness Trichonympha – in digestive system of termites Move using a flagella Free living or parasitic

Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans Ex. Plasmodium – Causes Malaria Do not move on their own Are parasitic

Plant-Like Protists (Algae) Cell Structure: All contain chlorophyll and Unicellular or Multicellular Classified Based on Color (Accessory Pigments) Mode of Nutrition: Autotrophs Separated into 6 Different Phylum

Phylum Euglenophyta 2 Flagella No Cell Wall Eye Spot to detect light Autotrophs, but can be Heterotrophs when sun is not available Euglena

Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates ½ Autotrophs and ½ Heterotrophs 2 Flagella – Can spin Can be luminescent – “fire plants” Cause of Red Tide- Produce neurotoxins Kills marine life

Bioluminescence

Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms **Most abundant organisms on earth- Golden algae Unicellular Autotrophs Cell Walls of silicon like the main ingredient in glass

Phylum Rhodophyta – The Red Algae Mostly Multicellular Cholorphyll A & Red Pigment Phycobilins Live at Great Depths Used in ice cream & pudding

Phylum Phaeophyta – The Brown Algae Ex. Brown Kelp Multicellular Contain Chlorophyll A &C Largest Most Complex Algae Up to 60 Meters Long Used in fertilizer and toothpaste

Phylum Chlorophyta – The Green Algae *Ancestor to Modern Plants* Ex. Volvox and Spirogyra Contain Chlorophyll A and B Cellulose in Cell Wall Used in cosmetics, paints, and food Major Source of fish food and oxygen

Fungus-Like Protists Cell structure: Unlike true fungus lack chitin in their cell wall and have centrioles Mode of nutrition: Heterotrophs – decomposers No chitin in their cell wall Reproduce by forming spores Damp, Moist Environments

Phylum Acrasiomycota Cellular Slime Mold No cell wall Unicellular but colonize

Phylum Myxomycota Acellular Slime Mold Fuse together to become larger structure with multiple nuclei

Phylum Oomycetes Water Molds Thrive in water Cellulose in the cell wall Plant parasites on land Caused Potato Famine