Chemical and Physical Features of the Seawater and the World Oceans Chapter 3 Chemical and Physical Features of the Seawater and the World Oceans (Part 2)

MARINE BIOLOGY Essential Question: What are the chemical and physical properties of water? Learning Goals: Learn the composition of Seawater. Explore topics of Salinity Agenda: Bell Ringer Collect Homework Chapter 3 (Part 2) Classwork CNN/10 (3rd and 7th only) Upcoming: Chapter 3 (Part 3) Chapter 2 Test on 9/29

Bell Ringer What bonding occurs between individual water molecules? At what temperature is pure water most dense? In your own words define: Latent Heat of Melting Latent Heat of Evaporation.

Unique Nature of Water Water absorbs a great deal of _______ before its temperature _________. Water has one of the highest _______________ of any naturally occurring substance. Heat capacity: the amount of heat required to _______ a substance’s _______________ by a given amount.

Unique Nature of Water ___________ heat capacity means that marine organisms because are NOT subject to the wide temperature _________________ often seen on land __________ waters are an exception to this rule! Shallow bodies of water can _______________ quickly due to the __________________________ of water

Unique Nature of Water A great deal of heat is also required for ________________ to occur. The amount of heat required for a substance to evaporate is known as the _________________________. Water has the _______________heat of evaporation of any naturally occurring substance.

Unique Nature of Water Water also acts as a _______________, which means that ____________ can dissolve in water. Water is the _________________ SOLVENT! Any substance dissolved in water is known as a _______________. Ocean water has solutes dissolved in the water – we call the level of solutes _________________.

Seawater The characteristics of Seawater are due to the nature of water and the materials ______________ in it. Solids dissolved in seawater are produced by the chemical _________________ of land rocks and are _______________to the sea via rivers systems. Other materials come from earth’s _________ through hydrothermal vents or are released into the atmosphere where they _______ into the ocean as __________________.

Salty Solution The main solutes in ocean water are _________________ (NaCl) This gives it a _________ taste.

Salinity _______________: total amount of salts ____________ in seawater measured in parts per thousand (ppt).*** Salinity is normally around ______ , however, this can vary by location. This means that for every 1000 grams of water, there are 35 grams of salt. ***

Majority Solutes in Seawater Seawater contains a little of almost______________! BUT…. ____% of solute material is composed of only ____ ions! _____________

Salinity Ocean water near a location where a ___________ meets the ______ can be 15-25 ppt. (less than _________ salinity) Other areas can be _________ than normal, if __________________ is high and NO rivers are contributing _____________ to that area. Ex. The Dead Sea, Israel (34% Salinity) & Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (40% Salinity)

Unique Nature of Water Water is also relatively ______________ (you can see through it). This means that _____________ shining on the surface can _____________ the surface (great for those photosynthetic organisms living under the sea) This ________________ of penetration varies greatly depending on the amount of ________________ in the water.

Unique Nature of Water To illustrate that point, imagine the crystal clear waters of the Bahamas (or other tropical locations you may have visited or seen in photos). Compare this with the ________ transparent water at the NC coast. The difference is ________________. Several rivers in North Carolina empty into the Atlantic. This means ______________ solutes and less ________________ (we sometimes also call this visibility).

Adding Water and Solutes to the Oceans Water comes from… _____________________ Solutes come from…