Plant Reproduction Why reproduce? Sexual vs. asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction in plants Gametophytes and sporophytes Gymnosperms and angiosperms Asexual reproduction in plants Asexual reproduction using fragments Asexual reproduction using special structures

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Plants Must Reproduce Makes more plants Keeps species alive Plants can reproduce ____________

Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction in Plants Usually needs pollinators (e.g. bees, birds, butterflies). Flowers attract insects, birds, and other animals. ______________ Asexual ____________ Cells do not join. Creates new plants identical to parent plant.

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Gametophyte Sporophyte __________________ Gametes join to form zygote Zygote develops in sporophyte Sporocytes (fertile cells) make spores _____________

Sexual Reproduction in Plants Spore plants Includes seed ……………. Seed plants __________________________________________________________ Cryptogams Spores fall off plant after making gametophyte _________________________

Seed Plants Two groups: Two types of spores Gymnosperms Angiosperms Megaspores: large spores; _________________________ _________________ Microspores: ……………

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Produce seeds __________________________ Ovule becomes seed One female gametophyte produced in each ovule Pollen grains develop tube to pass sperm to egg

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Gymnosperms Pines Sporophyte may become large tree _________________________________________ Ovule makes pollination droplet Pollen sticks to pollination droplet ……………..

Angiosperms ____________________ Seeds develop inside structure called pistil Pollen attaches to surface of megaspore ________________________________________ ………………….

Angiosperms _____________________ Petal Style Ovary (base of pistil) Sepal Leaf Stem Root Pollen grains Microsporangium Filament ________________ ___________ Egg

Angiosperms Stamen Anther: _________________ Filament: blade stalk Pistil Ovary: _____________________________ Style: column-shaped stalk sticking out of ovary Stigma: _______________

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Angiosperms Pollen goes down pollen tube, through opening, and into gametophyte One sperm fertilizes egg …………………….. ___________________________ Endosperm ___________________________________________ Seed: _________________________ Seeds form hard seed coats ________________________

Angiosperms

Asexual Reproduction in Plants Two basic types _______________________________ _______________________________________

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Spores Buds Ferns, liverworts, mosses Ferns, liverworts, mosses ___________

Asexual Reproduction Using Special Structures Special cells/organs act as reproductive organs No union …………. In flowering plants, organs include: Rhizomes Tubers Stolons Corms Bulbs

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Bulbs Small bit of stem tissue surrounded by food-storage leaf bases, called scales Grow into new plants _______________________ Onions form bulbs