Monoclonal antibody production

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Monoclonal antibody production Monoclonal antibody production. (A) A mouse is immunized with an antigen bearing three antigenic determinants (distinct sites that can be recognized by an antibody). Antibodies to each determinant are produced in the spleen. One spleen cell produces a single type of antibody. A spleen cell has a finite lifetime and cannot be cultured indefinitely in vitro. (B) In the mouse, the antibody-producing cells from the spleen secrete into the blood. The liquid portion of the blood (serum) therefore contains a mixture of antibodies reacting with all three sites on the antigen (antiserum). (A') A mutant cell derived from a mouse myeloma tumor of an antibody-producing cell that has stopped secreting antibody and is selected for sensitivity to the drug aminopterin (present in HAT medium). This mutant tumor cell can grow indefinitely in vitro but is killed by HAT medium. (B') The mutant myeloma cell is fused by chemical means with spleen cells from an immunized mouse. The resulting hybrid cells can grow indefinitely in vitro due to properties of the myeloma cell parent and can grow in HAT medium because of an enzyme provided by the spleen cell parent. The unfused myeloma cells die because of their sensitivity to HAT, and unfused spleen cells cannot grow indefinitely in vitro. The hybrid cells are cloned so that individual cultures are grown from a single hybrid cell. These individual cells produce a single type of antibody because they derive from a single spleen cell. The monoclonal antibody isolated from these cultures is specific for only one antigenic determinant on the original antigen. (From Brodsky FM: Monoclonal antibodies as magic bullets. Pharm Res 5(1):1–9, January 1988, with permission.) Source: Targeted Drug Delivery Systems and Biotechnological Products, Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, 7e Citation: Shargel L, Yu AC. Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, 7e; 2016 Available at: https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/Books/1592/sha_ch20_f001.png&sec=100674343&BookID=1592&ChapterSecID=100674326&imagename= Accessed: November 03, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved