TOPIC I Introduction. What Are Things Made Of and How Do They Change?

What is Chemistry? Why is important to study Chemistry How some creatures can survive deep in the ocean where there is no light? Why some foods taste sweet and some biter? Copyright © Engage Learning. All rights reserved

Peer review and Repeatability of findings. Natural science Concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on observational and empirical evidence. Aurora, United States Air Force photo by Senior Airman Joshua Strang. 6 days-peach decomposition Andrew Dunn, http://www.andrewdunnphoto.com/ Peer review and Repeatability of findings. Try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Copyright © Engage Learning. All rights reserved

Chemistry is central to all of the sciences. Before Natural sciences Physical sciences (non living things) Biological Sciences (living things) CHEMISTRY Now All matter consist of chemical structures Therefore No divisions between biological and physical sciences

Concept: Matter: All things that has mass and occupies space. Study of CHEMISTRY Matter: All things that has mass and occupies space. Concept: Study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process that matter undergo, and the energy changes that accompany these process. % of C Melting point

How do chemists answer the above questions? Chemistry deals with: What is a material’s make up? (compostion, structure) How does a material change when heated, cooled or mixed with other materials? (properties) Why does this behavior occur? (process and energy involved) How do chemists answer the above questions?

Chemistry greatly impacts our daily lives. Improvement of health care. Conservation of natural resources. Protection of the environment. Provision of our daily needs for food, clothing, etc.

Chemistry greatly impacts our daily lives. Authenticating Art Art Conservation

Six main branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistry Biochemistry Theoretical Chemistry These branches often overlap

The study of most carbon-containing compounds. Organic Chemistry The study of most carbon-containing compounds.

Inorganic Chemistry The study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics). Ethyl alcohol boiling at 78°C Physical property: boiling point is associated with a phase change. It describes an inherent characteristic of alcohol. Hardness of a diamond. Physical property: describes an inherent characteristic of diamond – hardness. Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol. Chemical property: describes behavior of sugar – forming a new substance (ethyl alcohol) through a chemical reaction.

Physical Chemistry The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy. Analytical Chemistry The identification of the components and composition of materials. Biochemistry The study of substances and processes ocurring in living things.

Why to study chemistry? Should you use hot water or cold water to remove a grease stain from a shirt? How could you prepare for a career in nursering, firefighting, or journalisim? If your local goverment wanted to build a solid waste incinerator in your town, what questions would you ask about the project?

Three general reason to study chemistry. 1. Explaining the natural world Cut apple turning brown. Water expands as it freeze.

Three general reason to study chemistry. 2. Preparing people for career oportunities. Many carrers require the knowledge of chemistry. Interviewing Chemists Keeping grass healthy Which chemicals to use to fight different types of fire.

Three general reason to study chemistry. 3. Producing informed citizens. Would be better spent money on space exploration or cancer research? Through voting, citizen have a say in the decision their government make. Ex: How much money to provide for scientific research. Knowledge of Chemistry and other sciences can help you evaluate the data presented, arrive at an informed opinion and take appropriate actions.