RECTIFICATION

X-RAY CIRCUIT

Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity. Hippocrates

RECTIFICATION PROCESS BY WHICH ALTERNATING CURRENT IS CHANGED TO PULSATING DIRECT CURRENT

ALTERNATING CURRENT 1 PHASE A/C ( UNRECTIFIED)- FREQUENCY 60 Hz

60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC 60 NEGATIVE PULSES/SEC

60 POSITIVE PULSES 60 NEGATIVE PULSES 120 PULSES 60 FULL CYCLES

BATTERY – CURRENT OUTPUT STEADY D/C

D/C HALF WAVE RECTIFIED D/C HALF-WAVE – 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC NEGATIVE PULSES ARE SUPPRESSED 1 PULSE/CYCLE

D/C FULL WAVE RECTIFIED D/C HALF-WAVE – 120 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC 2 PULSES/CYCLE

D/C -3 PHASE 6 PULSE CURRENT D/C 3 PHASE 6 PULSE – 6 PULSES/CYCLE

D/C 3 PHASE 12 PULSE – 12 PULSES/CYCLE

DIODES OR VALVE TUBES HELP RECTIFY A/C CURRENT ELECTRONS DIODE VALVE TUBE

X-RAY TUBE FORWARD BIAS

REVERSE BIAS + - NO X-RAY

FORWARD vs REVERSE

RECTIFICATION TYPES HALF-WAVE FULL WAVE THREE PHASE SIX PULSE THREE PHASE TWELVE PULSE HIGH FREQUENCY SINGLE PHASE

RECTIFICATION NO RECTIFICATION HALF-WAVE FULL-WAVE

3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

HIGH FREQUENCY RECTIFICATION

HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

3 PHASE 6 PULSE

3 PHASE 12 PULSE

HIGH FREQUENCY

VOLTAGE RIPPLE HALF WAVE------------------- 100% FULL WAVE ------------------ 100% 3 PHASE 6 PULSE ----------- 13% 3 PHASE 12 PULSE ---------- 4% HIGH FREQUENCY ---------- <1%

RIPPLE 100% 100% 100%

RIPPLE-3 PHASE 13%

RIPPLE-HIGH FREQUENCY <1%

Home-made x-ray apparatus

CHECKING FAILURE OF RECTIFICATION SYSTEM SPINNING TOP TEST – 1 PHASE EQUIPMENT SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST- 3 PHASE WITH LONGER EXPOSURE TIMES OSCILLOSCOPE- 3 PHASE EQUIPMENT WITH SHORT EXPOSURE TIMES

SPINNING TOP TEST

RESULT OF SPINNING TOP TEST- 1 PHASE - DASHES

HALF- WAVE RECTIFICATION # OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 60 PULSES

FULL- WAVE RECTIFICATION # OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 120 PULSES

RESULT OF SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST-3PHASE ARC

3 PHASE RECTIFICATION- LONGER EXPOSURE TIME DEG. OF ARC = 360°/ sec x TIME (sec)

UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE

UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE RECTIFIED SYSTEM